Response of soil N₂O emissions to inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the typical Castanea mollissima was studied from June 2011 to June 2012 in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province. The objectives were to evaluate the response of the soil N₂O efflux to different fertilization and explore the relationships between the various environmental factors and N₂O efflux. Four treatments were applied in this study: Control (CK), inorganic fertilizer (IF), organic fertilizer (OF), and half organic plus half inorganic fertilizer (OIF). Soil N₂O emission were analyzed by static closed chamber-GC technique. Soil temperature, soil moisture, WSOC and MBC concentrations were determined as well. Our results showed that soil N₂O emission exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, the highest rates observed in summer season and the lowest in winter season. The mean annual soil N₂O flux and soil N₂O annual accumulative in IF were significantly higher than that in CK, but lower than that in OF and OIF treatments (P < 0.05). Soil N₂O emission factors of IF, OF, and OIF treatment were 0.96%, 1.45%, and 1.29%, respectively. Fertilization treatments significantly increased soil water-soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon concentrations (P < 0.05). Soil N₂O emission rates had a significant positive correlation with soil temperature at 5 cm depth and WSOC concentration (P < 0.01), but had no significant correlation with soil MBC concentration in all treatments. However, soil N₂O emission did not correlate with soil moisture except in CK treatment. In conclusion, the increase of WSOC caused by fertilization was probably one of the important reasons for the increase in N₂O emission in the soil of Chinese chestnut stands induced by fertilization.