Sorption and desorption of Streptomycin (STR) onto soil of Inner Mongolian pastoral area extracted from sediment were studied in the presence of three types of surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,SDBS; Triton X-100,TX-100) to examine the role of surfactants in sorption and desorption. Linearity of the sorption isotherms of STR increased in the presence of surfactants. CTAB inhibit the sorption capacity and irreversibility of STR on soil.However,the presence of SDBS reduced the sorption capacity and desorption hysteresis. Unlike CTAB and SDBS,the influence of TX-100 on sorption and desorption was concentration dependent. Low levels of TX-100 enhanced STR sorption than high levels.With increasing concentration of TX-100, TX-100 solubilization effect of the STR is intensified. Adsorption migrate to the water phase at the surface of the soil, thus inhibiting the adsorption of the STR and promoting desorption of the STR.