Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an important pathogen of vegetables, and was first observed in South China. With the development of indoor agricultural facilities, it was found for the first time in Shaanxi in 2000, and now is widely distributed through different ecological vegetable growing zones in Northern and Southern Shaanxi, and the Guanzhong area. M. incognita has become a devastating soil-borne disease, causing great economic losses in vegetable production. It survives at soil depths of 5 to 15 cm, and overwinters in the soil as eggs or second instar larvae. Soil temperature is an important factor affecting its overwintering, and this is dependent on climate and plant conditions. Air and soil temperature data for open fields can be obtained from meteorological stations, but soil temperature data for indoor agricultural facilities is not available, and thus mathematical models need to be established to simulate soil temperatures under different cultivation conditions. Each winter (November to the following March) from 2009 to 2012, air and soil temperatures in four agricultural systems in four ecological regions (Yanan, Shangluo, Yangling, and Dali) in Shaanxi Province were automatically recorded. Mathematical models relating air temperature to soil temperature were then developed, and air temperatures from 96 meteorological stations were converted to soil temperatures. Based on the lowest survival temperature of M. incognita measured in the laboratory, a regional map of nematode overwintering was developed, and analyzed for different planting conditions using the Kriging Interpolation of GIS. We found the following: (1) Overwintering of M. incognita was significantly restricted below 0℃. If the temperature was less than -1℃ over 32 days, the nematode was not able to overwinter. (2) The relationship between soil temperature and air temperature is linear. We used the following relationship equations between soil temperature (Y) and air temperature (X) in four planting conditions: Y=0.8125X+1.9325, R=0.934 (open field); Y=0.7943X+1.8563, R=0.918 (mulched field); Y=0.7046X+6.2685, R=0.907 (plastic tunnel house); Y=0.302X+14.519, R=0.597 (greenhouse). (3) The areas where P values are between 70% and 80% (probability of the average soil temperature of the coldest month being less than -1℃) could be considered the overwintering boundary line for M. incognita. The order of different planting conditions from south to north is: open field, mulched field, and plastic tunnel house. In open fields, the north boundary is through Linyou-Yongshou-Chunhua-Yaozhou-Tongchuan-Baishui-Chengcheng-Hancheng; in mulched fields, the boundary is through Binxian-Xunyi-Yijun-Luochuan-Huanglong-Yichuan; and in plastic tunnel houses is Zhidan-Ganquan-Ansai-Yanan-Yanchuan-Qingjian. However, in greenhouse conditions the nematode can overwinter throughout the whole province. Using GIS and geostatistics methods, we have analyzed the northern boundaries of M. incognita overwintering sites and provided regional classification for open fields, mulched fields, plastic tunnel houses, and greenhouses. Our work makes clear the response of the nematode to low temperature stress, so that rapid and effective monitoring as well as theoretical and technical support for prevention and control can be developed in Shaanxi Province.