The stabilization and sustainability of the agro-ecosystem functions and services are the basis of human survival and human well-being. Natural and semi-natural habitats of the agro-landscape, as well as the associated plant communities, have important ecological functions for the agro-ecosystem. Construct one of agro-landscape is very helpful to promote agricultural productivity and the protect biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, the distributional and compositional patterns of plant species in agro-ecosystem functions are still unclear. In order to better understand the landscape patterns and plant community characteristics of the non-agricultural habitats in the lower reaches of the Yellow River plain, a total of 26 plots arranged in a grid were set up in Fengqiu county of Henan Province. Within these plots, the vegetation in natural and semi-natural habitats of the agro-landscape was investigated by using the Braun-Blanquet method. The surveyed habitats were mainly including the artificial forests, hedges, field roads, ditches. The results are as follows: (1) the study area is mainly dominated by agro-landscape, the residential area and forest patches are scattered in the agro-landscape; (2) the flora analysis showed that a total of 38 families, 107 genera, 127 species were founded in the study area. The cosmopolitan (15 families, 39.5%) and pantropic distribution (14 families, 36.8%) are mainly distribution types of the families. The complexly geographical composition of the genera comprises 13 of 15 distribution types of Chinese seed plants, in which the temperate, cosmopolitan and pantropic distribution are the dominated distribution types (71 genera, 69.84%). In general, it is showed that the widespread species are dominating in the study area, and the dominant families and genera are obviously, but lack of endemic species; (3) the artificial forests and hedges have the highest species richness and diversity compared with the other kinds of non-agricultural habitats. Whereas the highest species evenness and coverage appeared in the ditches and artificial forests, and the field roads have highest variability and differentiation of the community composition (with a highest β-diversity index); (4) the results about the community similarity analysis showed that the artificial forests, hedges and field roads have a very high similarity, by contrast, the ditches has a low similarity, the difference is mainly attributed to the special characteristic of it. However, the community similarity among different biotope was just the reflect of species list, the ecological functions of them are different obviously. According to the above results, we found that the artificial forests and hedges have an equally important role in species conservation of the agro-landscape of the lower reach of Yellow River plain, due to identical species diversity of them. while ditches provided a shelter for the hydrophytes and hygrophytes. Furthermore, if taking into account the maintenance of agricultural production and ecological functions under agro-landscape planning and management of the study area in the future, the construction of hedge corridors should be a good choice. For artificial forests it would be better to maintain higher species diversity to improve the ecological functions by appropriately transforming the forests' structure and species composition.Future studies are needed to examine how agricultural landscapes assemble processes maintain both agricultural productivity and ecosystem functioning.