Phytolith, the opal of amorphous silica formed in plant tissues (e.g., cell walls, cell luminas, and intercellular spaces typically near evaporating surfaces), presents in most plants. This study selected plants of five rice cultivars of Jiahua11, Zhejing37, Ning81, Xianghu301, Xiushui09 and their corresponding surface soils (0-10 cm) at the experiment base of Hangjiahu plain in Jiaxing, to investigate the fluxes of the phytolith production and accumulation in rice ecosystems. The main purpose of this study is to provide scientific reference for understanding the role of phytoliths in biogeochemical cycles of silicon and carbon. Results showed that the phytolith content varied from 40.54 to 51.40 g/kg, with an average of 46.54 g/kg, being higher in Jiahua11, Ning81 and Xianghu 301 than that in Zhejing37 and Xiushui09 It decreased in the following order among different organs: sheath > leaf > stem > root > grains. There was a positive correlation between phytolith content and total SiO₂ in rice and soil, R²=0.8156 (P < 0.01) and R²=0.355 (P < 0.05), respectively. The total production flux of phytoliths for whole plants was 1269.59 kg hm^-2 a^-1. The aboveground and underground phytolith production flux was 1203.44 and 66.15 kg hm^-2 a^-1, respectively. The flux of phytolith production differed in different rice cultivars. The flux of aboveground and underground phytolith production in Jiahua11 was higher than that of the other. The flux of phytolith production from root, stem, sheath, leaf and grains is 66.15, 131.65, 491.08, 185.36 and 395.35 kg hm^-2 a^-1, respectively. In rice ecosystems with 50 years of cultivation, the phytolith accumulation flux in surface soil (0-10 cm) was 40.38 kg hm^-2 a^-1, which was equivalent to the flux of root phytolith production, implying that the rice straws are rarely returned to the paddy soil. The production flux of rice phytolith to sequestrate the atmospheric CO₂ was 46.55-279.31 kg hm^-2 a^-1 and the accumulation flux of paddy soil phytolith sequestrate the atmospheric CO₂ was 1.48-8.88 kg hm^-2 a^-1. It was promising to improve the fluxes of phytolith production and the phytolith to sequestrate CO₂ by selecting high phytolith content rice varities such as Jiahua11.