Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) is the chief coniferous species used in forest plantations in northern China. However, high tree density and slow rates of decomposition in needle litter have resulted in decreased quality in many plantations. Thinning provides an effective method which can be used to solve this problem. The mechanisms by which thinning promotes litter decomposition have been studied by studying properties of litter, characteristics of understory vegetation, forest microclimate and physicochemical properties of soil, but rarely by studying the important role fungi play in forest litter decomposition. Thus, discovering the relationships between thinning, fungi, and litter decomposition in plantations is very important. It has been hypothesized that forest microclimates improve after thinning, since thinning promotes growth of understory vegetation; this changes stand composition and properties of litter, which in turn affects the macrofungi community. This study analyzes a series of 34-year-old Chinese pine plantations thinned to four different intensities (control-Ⅰ, light-Ⅱ, medium-Ⅲ, and heavy thinning intensity-Ⅳ). All macrofungi were identified morphologically and measurements of each species such as quantity, cap diameter and fungal height were made in 12 sample plots. Importance values were calculated using relative density, relative frequency, relative cap diameter and relative height of fungi. The ecological indices (species richness, diversity and evenness) of macrofungi were calculated based on the important values and compared between August and September, 2011. A total of 35 and 25 species belonging to 13 and 10 families of macrofungi were found in August and September, respectively. During the two months of studies, stands with medium thinning intensity supported the highest number of species, but the control stand supported the fewest. The number of species found in September was lower than those found in August possibly because the temperature decreased in September. In the control-Ⅰ stands, the dominant species changed from ectomycorrhizal fungi (Chroogomphis rutilus (Schaeff.: Fr.) O. K. Miller and Suillus bovinus (Pers.) Kuntze) in August to rot fungi (Marasmius maximus Hongo and Marasmius chordalis Fr.) in September. This change may have occurred because ectomycorrhizal fungi reproduce during August, but they rarely grew in September. However, in treatments Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the dominant species were rot fungi during the entire study. Rot fungi are generally known to feed on litter as a nutrient source. Thus, the change of dominant species from ectomycorrhizal fungi-rot fungi (control) to rot fungi (treatment Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) may be explained by the fact thinning improves litter decomposition from the aspect of causing increased fungal populations. Thinning influenced the ecological indices of macrofungi; the stands with medium thinning intensity (Ⅲ) had the highest species richness and diversity. This indicates moderate thinning had a significant role in protecting macrofungi resources in plantation soils. The measure of species evenness was not significantly different among the four different thinning intensities. The abundant quantity of saprophytic fungi might cause the trend for the evenness indices to be uniform. In conclusion, a medium thinning intensity improves species richness and diversity of macrofungi in Chinese pine plantations, changes the macrofungi community structure, and may promote litter decomposition. Thus, we recommend moderate thinning should be used in plantations of Chinese pine.