A field experiment is conducted to study differences between eight new big headed wheat lines and Xinong 979 at different growth stages in specific leaf areas (SLA), leaf dry matter contents (LDMC) and leaf nutrient contents as well as nitrogen accumulations in and distributions among different organs of the lines and variety. The big-headed wheat lines had lower average SLA and LDMC than Xinong 979 and the line 2040 had lower average SLA and higher average LDMC that the latter. The leaf nutrient contents of the big headed lines were ranked in the order of N total > K total > P total and the N content and N/K of the lines first increased and then decreased during the growing period, but the P contents of the lines declined gradually. The big-headed lines had higher average nitrogen accumulation capacities than the control variety at the ripening stage. The nitrogen accumulations in and distributions among the kernels, stem and leaf sheathes, spike stalk and shell, flag leaves and penultimate leaves were ranked in the order of the kernels > the stems and leaf sheathes > the spike stalks and shells > the flag leaves > the penultimate leaves > the other leaves. At the heading stage, The SLA and LDMC of the flag leaves were negatively correlated, The SLA of the flag leaves were insignificantly positively correlated with their N contents but extremely significantly negatively correlated with their P and K contents, which were not significantly positively correlated. In conclusion, leaf structural characters and nutrient contents of wheat influenced organic matter accumulation and transports in its body, and it was imperative to enhance researching on how to improve nutrient use efficiencies of big headed wheat by reasonably regulating its water and fertilizer conditions.