In recent years, human activities have caused rapid changes in the atmosphere and climate. In particular, the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO₂), has increased from a pre-industrial level of about 270 μmol/mol to a value of 360 μmol/mol reported in 2007. These CO₂ levels, which have been increasing since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, will continue to rise as long as current levels of anthropogenic activity are maintained. In coming years, elevated CO₂ levels may alter many aspects of plant production environments. Results on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on plants have already been obtained from some studies, but effects on plant photosynthesis at the physiological and biochemical level remain to be investigated. To provide theoretical evidence to aid adaptive management of bamboo plantations operating under the background of climate change, we studied the effects of simulated increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on mineral ion uptake, transportation, and distribution in Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo). The open-top chamber (OTC) test method was employed in conjunction with a split-plot design and CO₂ concentrations set to 360, 500, and 700 μmol/mol. With the exception of Ca²⁺ at CO₂ concentrations of 700 μmol/mol, there was no significant change in ion concentrations (for Na⁺, Fe²⁺-Fe³, Mg²⁺,and Ca²⁺)with respect to the size of different organs of P. edulis as CO₂ concentration was increased. In addition, with the exception of concentrations of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺in leaves and Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺ in branches, which had no significant variation, mineral ion concentrations in various plant organs all changed to some extent with increasing CO₂ concentration. In particular, while concentrations of Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺in leaves, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺in branches, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺in stems, and Na⁺ and Mg²⁺in roots increased significantly, they decreased significantly for Na⁺ in leaves, Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺in stems and roots, and Ca²⁺in roots. Gradual increases were observed for ratios of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺/Na⁺, Mg²⁺/Na⁺, and Ca²⁺/Na⁺in leaves, Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺in branches, and Mg²⁺/Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ and Ca²⁺/Fe²⁺- tFe³⁺in all organs. In contrast, ratios of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺/Na⁺, Mg²⁺/Na⁺, and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ in branches, stems, and roots, as well as Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ in leaves, stems, and roots, all gradually decreased. In addition to measuring ion concentrations, we also studied the effect of increasing CO₂ concentration on selective transport ability in various plant organs. With increasing CO₂ concentration, S_Ca,Na from roots to stems, S_Mg,Fe from stems to branches, and S_Ca,Mg from branches to leaves decreased significantly. In other organs, the upward selective transport ability of the remaining ions increased either slightly or significantly. The results of this study suggest that elevated CO₂ levels enhance Na⁺accumulation in roots, increase the upward selective transport ability of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺,Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, increase mineral nutrient concentrations in leaves, and maintain the balance of mineral elements. These responses increase the adaptation capacity of P. edulis to environments with higher CO₂ concentrations. A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying these responses may aid in the development of more effective adaptation management strategies on bamboo plantations in anticipation of global climate change.