A field plot experiment with the soils from Weining, Kaiyang and Tianzhu in Guizhou, where are strikingly different ecological regions. The effects of soil and climate on the carotenoid and cuticular extract content of cured tobacco leaves were studied by using flue-cured variety of Yunyan 85 as the test material. Results showed ecological conditions had notable effects on the carotenoid and cuticular extract content of cured tobacco leaves. The geographic difference of the carotenoid and cuticular extract content was significant, but the tillage method of breaking down plowpan had no obvious effect. The carotenoid content showed the tendency of increase with the elevation increasing, besides, the altitude's threshold effect existed. The cuticular extract content of the clear flavour tobacco was higher than that of the moderate aroma tobacco.The influence degree of different ecological factors on the carotenoid and cuticular extract content of cured tobacco leaves was distinctly different. Climate was the key ecological element which affecting the carotenoid and cuticular extract content. The variability of carotenoid content among climate factors was 2-3 times higher than the variability among soil factors. The contributing rate of climate to the variation of β-carotene and lutein content was 74% and 64% respectively. The contributing rate of soil to the variation of β-carotene and lutein content was respectively 9% and 12%. The amount of sunshine hours and cumulative rainfall at the earlier growing stage in field, and the daily mean relative humidity at maturing stage were the top three climate factors affecting the carotenoid content of cured tobacco leaves. The available potassium, pH and available phosphorus were the top three soil factors affecting the carotenoid content. The variability of the cuticular extract content among climate factors was 3-4 times higher than the variability among soil factors. The contributing rate of climate to the variation of trichome secretion and alkane waxiness content was 61% and 63% respectively. The contributing rate of soil to the variation of trichome secretion and alkane waxiness content was respectively 13% and 7%. The average temperature at the earlier growing stage in field, the relative humidity and≥10℃ accumulated temperature at maturing stage were the top three climate factors affecting the trichome secretion content of cured tobacco leaves. The available potassium, available cuprum and pH were the top three soil factors affecting the trichome secretion content. The cumulative rainfall and average temperature at the earlier growing stage in field, the average temperature at maturing stage were the top three climate factors affecting the alkane waxiness content of cured tobacco leaves. The available manganese, available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were the top three soil factors affecting the alkane waxiness content. The effect of soil factors on the stalk position character of the carotenoid content was more remakable than the effect of climate factors. However, the effect of climate factors on the stalk position character of the alkane waxiness content was more obviously than the effect of soil factors.