China's rapid economic development has resulted in the formation of an increasingly dense network of urban areas connected by transportation links, causing spatial division and greater regional landscape fragmentation. This network has caused serious damage to various landscape functions, and risks to the persistence of animal populations and biodiversity include habitat loss, road kill, migration barriers and so on. In order to provide constructive information, alert planners to the status of landscape fragmentation and improve conservation awareness, this study used ArcGIS 9.3 and m_eff^CBC to assess landscape fragmentation caused by the urban area/transport network in Fujian Province. This analysis revealed that the smallest patch class (0-15 km²) occurred with a much greater frequency than all other larger patch sizes. In the coastal cities of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, the percentage of the number of patches less than 300 km² was higher than in the western cities of Nanping, Sanming and Longyan, and the percentage of the area of patches less than 300 km² was also higher. Among the western three cities, Nanping has the largest patch which has a area of 2361.5 km². Based on a holistic identification of the structure of the network and its landscape division, the calculation of the m_eff^CBC show that: Fujian Province has a spatial pattern of landscape fragmentation, with less fragmentation in western and northern regions, and greater fragmentation in southern and eastern regions. Coastal regions and areas close to the main transport routes were more seriously fragmented and contained most of the small patches. When city administrative area was used as the working unit, the assessment showed that provincial-scale fragmentation was spatially distributed in tiers. The least fragmented region incorporates Longyan, Sanming and Nanping (the m_eff^CBC of these three cities was between 679.2-939.0 km²), while the most fragmented region includes Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou (the m_eff^CBC is between of these three cities was 197.1-336.2 km²). Compared to other world regions which have reported fragmentation results using m_eff^CBC, the eastern cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou have become similar to some of the most seriously fragmented regions in the world, such as the Netherlands and Belgium. Northwest cities, such as Nanping and Sanming, have relatively less fragmentation and are comparable to California, USA. When county administrative area was used as the working unit, the assessment showed that the fragmentation displayed a spatial gradient distribution in three tiers from west to east. Compared to the m_eff^CBC of Glarus in Switzerland, the m_eff^CBC of counties in Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou are lower than Glarus, while counties in Ningde, Fuzhou and Putian are similar to Glarus and counties in Nanping, Sanming and Longyan are higher than Glarus. Counties in Nanping and Sanming stand out as having a much higher m_eff^CBC. The present road network and urban sprawl have caused irreversible effects on the provincial landscape. Fujian Province should prevent further fragmentation by coordinating transportation, landscape and ecological planning.