Evaluation of the fairness and rationality of the resource consumption and pollutants released among cities and regions is a difficult problem in the world. The resource-environment Gini coefficient (G_re) is the effective route of balancing and evaluating the fairness and rationality. In this paper, the Gini coefficient was applied to evaluate the contribution from total pollutants released, the rationality and fairness of resource consumed and wastes discharged. The paper aims to provide some guides and information for regional sustainable development and related environmental research areas. The superiorities and inferiorities of the resource-environment Gini coefficient based on GDP, regional population and land area were briefly analyzed and evaluated. The concept of ecological burden coefficient (EBC) was established and the concepts and contents of ecosystem capability were defined. From the aspects of GDP, regional population and ecosystem capability, the Gini coefficient and EBC used to evaluate the unfairness of resources consumption and waste discharges among different cities and regions was established; and the evaluation factors such as energy consumption, fresh water consumption, COD discharges and SO₂ emissions from 11 regions of Jiangxi Province of China in 2009 were chosen to test the evaluation system. The results showed that: (1) The Gini coefficients of energy consumption, fresh water consumption, COD discharges and SO₂ emissions from the GDP, regional population and ecosystem capability were different. According to the EBC, the developed cities such as Nanchang, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Jingdezhen and Xinyu were the major factors impacting fairness; (2) All Resource-environment Gini Coefficients based on the ecosystem capability were higher than those which based on GDP and regional population and the results were consistent from both the resource-environment gini Coefficient based on water resource and the coefficient from ecosystem capability; (3) Theoretically speaking, the Resource-environment Gini Coefficient based on the ecosystem capability was more scientifically reasonable than the methods of G_re based on GDP and regional population. Discussions from different aspects about the scientificity and rationality of G_re and EBC were provided in this paper.