The term "ecosystem services" refers to products such as water and ecological processes such as the natural filtering of water which the natural environment provides to mankind in the form of changed conditions in ecosystems. Ecosystem services supply important materials and natural processes necessary for human survival and these services are critical in our attempts to achieve sustainable development. Research related to the value of these dynamic ecological services provides research data and refined information to land managers who can apply research results to the rational allocation of resources. The Naoli River Basin is located in the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province, China. It is the largest watershed in the Sanjiang Plain and is one of the most typical areas representing the natural ecosystem of the Sanjiang Plain. In the last 60 years, human activities and natural changes in the Naoli River Basin have resulted in a loss of much of the original ecosystem, caused additional serious damage to the Valley's ecosystems, and even impacted the natural environment of the Sanjiang Plain. We studied the temporal and spatial variation of the value of ecosystem services provided by the Naoli River Basin ecosystem during the last 60 years. This research was based on land use data and measurements of ecological services provided by Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. The spatial data on ecological services was from the Naoli River Basin and had been collected between the year of 1950 and 2005. This type of data is helpful during the analysis of spatial variability and local ecosystem characteristics, and provides a scientific basis for the protection of Sanjiang Plain's biodiversity and supports efforts to maintain a functioning ecosystem. The results show the value of ecosystem services provided by the Naoli River Basin ecosystem gradually declined from the year of 1950 to 2005, from RMB 74.984 billion to RMB 30.882 billion, a loss of about 58.82%, which implies the Basin now provides fewer products and services such as clean water and water filtration. However, the rate of decline and overall loss of value is easing. The spatial pattern of the monetary value of ecosystem services changes gradually. Areas providing ecosystem services of high value, or about 41.1% of the total area, once dominated the spatial map, but now areas providing ecosystem services of low value, or about 39.2% of the total area, dominate the landscape. Also, the value centroid shifted from north to south by about 11.1 km. The spatial autocorrelation during the last 60 years in the Naoli River Basin for areas providing valuable ecosystem services gradually fell from 0.7882 to 0.6633. The type of area with high-high autocorrelation gradually shrank, was located primarily along the main road which follows the river, and tends to be fragmented. The type of area with low-low autocorrelation followed a "V" trend, in terms of the number of hectares covered, in that this type of area first decreased and later increased in terms of the number of hectares covered, and areas of low value showed no significant trend in remaining contiguous. The value of ecosystem services provided by of different land use types are quite different, with natural and artificial factors leading to changes in the type of land use present on a particular parcel of land. Manmade reclamation activities are the main driving factor for spatial and temporal dynamics seen in the value of ecosystem services provided by this river basin.