Soils are the largest carbon pool in the world and contain two to three times as much as carbon as either terrestrial vegetation or the atmosphere. Therefore, even a slight change in the soil carbon stock could have a major impact on global terrestrial carbon cycling. Afforestation and reforestation are widely recognized as cost-effective methods to mitigate global warming caused by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations through sequestrating CO₂ in the atmosphere into vegetation biomass and soil organic matter. Based on the chronosequence of Pinus tabulaeformis (PT) plantations (12, 18, 25, and 35 years old) located at the Dagou catchment in a dry valley region of the upper Minjing River, Southwestern China, we investigated the dynamics of soil physical-chemical properties and soil organic carbon content following restoration. Using these data, we examined the correlated relationships between soil organic matter and soil physical properties and among soil physical properties. The results show that soil quality was significantly improved along the restoration chronosequence, with the improvement in soil quality attributed to significant increases in soil clay content, soil surface area, and soil organic matter, as well as significant decreases in soil silt content and soil pH. Soil organic matter was significantly, positively correlated with soil clay content and soil surface area but significantly, negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Soil surface area was significantly, positively correlated with soil clay content and negatively correlated with soil silt content. Soil organic carbon content also significantly increased along the restoration chronosequence (from 5.59 kg/m² in PT12 to 12.64 kg/m² in PT35 at 0-50 cm depth). However, the annual soil carbon sequestration rate ranged from an initial rate of 0.05 kg/m² (PT12-PT18) to late 0.36 kg/m² (PT25-PT35), with the mean of 0.31 kg/m².