施氮量对小麦/玉米带田土壤水分及硝态氮的影响
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甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃省农业科学院

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国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B09); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007-07)


Dynamic changes of soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen in wheat and maize intercropping field under different nitrogen supply
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Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

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    摘要:

    通过田间试验研究了河西绿洲灌区典型的小麦/玉米间作群体不同施氮量(0、210、420和630 kg/hm2)对小麦、玉米带田土壤水分和硝态氮(NO3--N)的动态的影响。结果表明:小麦/玉米总籽粒产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,但当施氮量超过420 kg/hm2时,总籽粒产量不再随施氮量增加而增加,最高总籽粒产量可达13661-14668 kg/hm2。水分利用效率在施氮420 kg/hm2时最高可达21.25 kg·hm-2·mm-1。小麦收获后,0-120 cm土层内土壤含水量随施氮量增加而减少,NO3--N的累积量随施氮量增加而增加,并且表层土壤(0-60 cm) NO3--N含量明显高于深层土壤(60-200 cm)。在小麦/玉米整个生育期,土壤硝态氮的变化呈双峰曲线。施氮0和210 kg/hm2的土壤硝态氮第一峰值和第二峰值均分别出现在小麦三叶期和玉米大喇叭口期;施氮420和630 kg/hm2的土壤硝态氮第一峰值出现在小麦挑旗期,第二峰值分别出现在玉米大喇叭口期和玉米灌浆期。因此,在该地区小麦/玉米间作栽培模式下,施氮水平控制在420 kg/hm2时,使混合产量达到最高,同时可减轻土壤硝态氮的累积和运移,从而达到高效、安全的目的。

    Abstract:

    The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamic impacts of vary amount of N-fertilization (0、210、420and 630 kg/hm2) on the soil water content and NO3--N content from the field of wheat-corn intercrop field. The data showed that the total kernel yield of intercropping wheat and maize increased with the increase of nitrogen supply,it could reach as high as 13661-14668 kg/hm2 when 420 kg/hm2 of N-fertilizer applied. When the nitrogen supply is 420 kg/hm2,the water use efficiency of the filed can reach 21.25 kg·hm-2·mm-1. After wheat was harvested, the soil water content in the layer of 0-120cm depth decreased with the increased amount of nitrogen supply, while the content of nitrate nitrogen increased with the increased amount of nitrogen supply. Moreover, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the topsoil (0-60cm) was significantly higher than that of the soil layer at the depth of 60-200cm. The dynamic changes of soil nitrate content during the whole growth season of intercropped wheat and maize could be summarized into a double-peaked curve. When the 0 and 210 kg/hm2 nitrogen supply were applied, the first and second peaks appeared at the wheat trefoil stage and the maize large bell stage, respectively. However, the first peak appeared at the wheat flagging stage when 420 and 630 kg/hm2 nitrogen supply applied; and the second peak appeared at the maize large bell stage and the grain-filling stage when 420 and 630 kg/hm2 nitrogen supply applied, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the high-yield nitrogen supply was 420 kg/hm2 for the wheat and maize intercropping cultivation mode, With this amount of nitrogen supply, the accumulation and transformation of the soil nitrate nitrogen could be reduced, and therefore fulfill the purpose of the efficiency and environmental safety.

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杨蕊菊,柴守玺,马忠明.施氮量对小麦/玉米带田土壤水分及硝态氮的影响.生态学报,2012,32(24):7905~7912

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