The Argentinean short-finned squid, Illex argenginus, is a common neritic specie with a wide distribution from approximately 22°S to 54°S along the continental shelf and slope waters and around the Falkland/Malvinas Islands in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is a cepholopod species of great commercial importance targeted by international fishing fleets consisting of both jigging fleets from Asian countries and trawelers from European countries. This species also plays a crucial role in its marine ecosystem in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. The Argentinean short-finned squid had a complicated intrapopulation structrue. At least five major intraspecific stocks are defined based on length at maturity, spawning, hatching time and distribution of animals in early life history stages. Its hard structures, including beaks and statoliths, have stable morphological characteristics, and are resistance to corrosion to a certain extent and suitable for life history information storage. They are often used separately in previous studies, and few studies have used both hard structures in studying squid life history. In this study, using specimens of Argentinean short-finned squid collected by the Chinese squid Jigging fishery fleet during February to May in 2007 and from January to March in 2010, we extracted 625 pairs of statolith from statocysts and 787 pairs of beaks from buccal masses.Ten morphological variables were measured for statoliths and 12 morphological variables were measured for beaks. These morphological variable measurements were standardized using mantle length (ML), which were then used to compare differences among the stocks (i.e., South Patagonic Stock, SPS; and Bonaerensis-Northpatagonic Stock, BNS)and between the sexes. This study showed that the morphological variables of statolith and beak for BNS females were larger than those of males. However, for the SPS cohort, male morphological variables tended to be larger than those of females. A Student's t-test showed that for a given stock the statoliths had significant differences between the sexes in the following morphological variables: Total Statolith Length (TSL), Maximum Width (MW), Lateral Dome Length (LDL), Wing Length (WL), and Wing Width (WW) (P<0.05). For a given sex, significant differences between the two stocks were found in MW, Dorsal Lateral Length (DLL), Rostrum Lateral Length (RLL), and Wing Width (WW) (P<0.05). Student's t- test also showed that for a given stock beaks had significant differences between the sexes in Upper Hood length (UHL), Upper Crest length (UCL), Upper Rostrum length (URL), Upper rostrum width (URW), Upper Lateral Wall Length (ULWL), Lower Rostrum length (LRL) (P<0.01).For a given sex, significant differences were found in Lower Hood length (LHL), Lower crest length (LCL), LRL, Lower Rostrum width (LRW), Lower Lateral Wall Length (LLWL), Lower Wing Length (LWL) between the two stocks (P<0.01). The majority of data variability in principal component analysis of statolith could be explained by TSL/ML, DLL/ML, RW/ML, MW/ML for the BNS and by TSL/ML, RW/ML, WW/ML, DDL/ML for the SPS. The majority of data variability in principal component analysis of beaks could be explained by UHL/ML, UCL/ML, ULWL/ML and LRW/ML for the BNS and by UHL/ML,UCL/ML, ULWL/ML, URL/ML, LWL/ML, LRL/ML for the SPS. When statolith and beaks were used to establish the discrimination function, accuracy rates in distinguishing the two cohorts were above 60%. These findings suggested that the cohorts of Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean could be morphologically indentified. However, more samples and longer time series of data may be needed for further validation of this approach and evaluation of uncertainty associated with the results.