The study was based on the elemental areas of ecological function divisions in Chongqing.We investigated the butterfly community of Chongqing from 1998 to 2010, summarizing and analyzing the data and parameters that relating to species diversities, and then probing the influence of the parameters to the monitoring of the ecological environment and evaluating of the environmental health.The result is going to be reported in two papers, and this thesis reported the butterfly diversities of ecological function divisions of Chongqing.It has been taken the path method to investigate the diversity, the method is that the investigator chooses several sample strips from a survey region, then goingthrough the strips, collecting the specimens and recording the data.It has been set up 14503 sample strips in the investigation, the result shows that in the inspection there are 492 species of butterflies which are attached to 12 families, 187 genera; from the data it can be seen that there are 36 dominant species, accounting for 7.3 percent of all such species; it also can be find 182 common species which occupy 37.0 percent; the quantity of the unusual species are 155 that take up 31.5 percent of the total species and the number of the rare species are 199 which engage 24.2 percent of the full amount.In this study it has been selected 14 ecological function areas, it can be seen from the main text of the paper.Through the analyzing of the digital information, we discover that the species numbers of ecological function regions in the first and the tenth area are more than 250, the species richness is over 30, the degree of dominance is below 0.10; In the second, fifth, ninth ecological function divisions, the amount of species is in excess of 150, the richness of species is from 20 to 30, the dominance index is from 0.10 to 0.14; The number of species in the eighth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth is below 60, and the species abundance is lower than 10, the dominance degree of the species is between 0.17 to 0.32.From the data above we can educe that the first and the tenth area of ecological function regions might be the most suitable area for the surviving of butterflies.From another point of view, when we analyzed the species diversity index of the butterfly, we found that the sixth and seventh ecological function division is higher than other function regions, the value is over 1.8; the number in the fourth, fifth, eighth, fourteenth function regions is from 1.70 to 1.76; and the numeric value of the second, third, eleventh, twelfth function areas is lower than other ecological function regions.From the evenness degree of the domains it can be seen that the fourth, eighth, eleventh is above 0.4, the sixth, seventh and the fourteenth function areas is between 0.35 to 0.4, and the evenness of the first, second and the twelfth regions is the lowest.The highest relative abundance of the domains is the thirteenth, and the number is 33.55×10^-3; and then the next is the twelfth, the value of the abundance is 11.54×10^-3; subsequently it is the first region, and the amount is 6.59×10^-3.In contrast, the lowest relative abundance presents to the thirteenth area, it is 0.67×10^-3; and the last but one is the seventh domain, the quantity is 1.02×10^-3; the antepenultimate abundance is the eleventh region.Thorough analyzing all the data above and according to the principle of monitoring the species, 24 species are chosen to monitor the environment, and among them, the number of the first-class indicator species is 8, the number of the second-class indicator species is 8, the amount of the third grade is 8; basing on the principle of choosing the groups of the butterfly, it can be selected 12 species, the amount of the first grade is 6 and the quantity of the second grade is 6.