Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a notorious exotic weed of Asteraceae family, has invaded successfully in southern China and caused lots of serious damages to native ecosystem. In order to understand the influences of A. artemisiifolia invasion on soil fauna, we surveyed the properties of soil fauna community through sampling in four kinds of field plots (including heavily-invaded plots, newly-invaded plots, grassland plots and native vegetation plots), where A. artemisiifolia was invading a native abandoned-land at the outskirts of Shaoguan city, Guangdong, China. 4174 individuals of soil meso- and micro- fauna were obtained through 4 samplings in 2009-2010, which belonged to 4 phyla, 11 classes and 26 orders, and Nematoda was dominant group, while Acarina and Collembolan were common groups. The results showed that A. artemisiifolia invasion altered the structure characters of soil meso- and micro- fauna community. The numbers of total individuals, Nematoda and Collembolan were increased significantly and the groups were maintained relative stability in A. artemisiifolia invasion plot. Compared with the other three treatments, Density-Group index(DG) was significantly increased in the heavily-invaded plot, and Margalef richness index(D) and Simpson dominance index(C) were tended to ascend but Pielou evenness index(E) and Shannon-Wiener index(H') were inversed. Similarity coefficient was not significant between A. artemisiifolia invasion plot and the other two plots. The changes of local climate conditions, plant litters, root secretions and soil phycial-chemical properties associated with A. artemisiifolia invasion might be the major factors influencing the community structure of soil meso- and micro- fauna.