Rodent pests bring humans huge economic loss and cause serious ecological disaster. All kinds of methods were used to control rodent pests. Among them, contraception control is a new one. Contraception control is defined as, through certain measure, inducing the female or (and) male to sterilize, blocking implantation of embryo or interdicting development of juvenile individuals. Thus, contraception control can reduce birth rate of rodent pest population. The idea of contraception control was put forward in 1960s. In recent years, Chinese scientists made a lot of researches on controlling rodent pests with sterilants. In this paper, an overview of this kind research was given. In laboratory, many sterilants were tested and almost all sterilants can cause the relevant rodent to be sterile. Some sterilants may change behaviors of rodents and this would weaken the effect of competitive reproductive interference. Sterilants not only can cause rodent pests to be sterilize, but also can kill rodent pests with larger dosage, the double effects of sterilants imply preferable control results. Phenomenon of "resuming pregnancy" was detected and this would weaken control effect also. Research about safety of sterilants is less, now we only knew that the ganciclovir and M001 are safe for pigeons. Almost all field experiments verified that contraception control has better control effect. In control practice, the controlled area should large enough to guarantee better effect. Analysis of mathematical models shows that contraception control is not short of than lethal control. On determining whether rodent pest population becomes extinct, the contraception rate, kill rate, harvest rate etc have same effect. Based the overview, some advices in subsequent researches were given. Whether in laboratory experiments or in field experiments, other than the population dynamics, more detailed data is needed to comprehend contraception control thoroughly. It is urgent to know that whether sterilants are safe to non-target animals and the environment. A population links with other populations closely or loosely. The change of rodent pest population subjected to contraception control must induce change of other populations. The effect of contraception control on other populations is desired to know. Every control method possesses itself feature, the union of some control methods may reach better integrative results. The phenomenon of competitive reproductive interference is existent and it suppresses the rodent pest population further. In mathematical models the factor of competitive reproductive interference ought to be involved.