The study explored the effects of Cd and the combined pollution of the low dose of Pb (< 300 mg/kg dry weight soil) and Cd on the content of phenolic acid and simple glucides exudating from winter wheat seedlings root and the relationship between them and rhizosphere soil microbial activity. Five levels of Cd, five levels of the combined pollution of Pb and Cd, and the control without the addition of heavy metal (0.00 mg/kg dry weight soil) were selected to examine the response of them through pots experiments at the third, seventh, and twelfth weeks after seedlings emerged. The result indicated that: 1) Compared to the control, the content of simple glucides decreased-increased-decreased and it of phenolic acid significantly (P<0.05) increased when wheat seedlings had grown for three weeks with the increase of Cd concentration. And the content of simple glucicdes significantly (P<0.01) decreased and it of phenolic acid decreased-increased-decreased at the seventh week. The content of simple glucides decreased at Cd ≤ 50.00 mg/kg dry soil and significantly (P<0.01) increased at 70.0 mg/kg dry soil Cd. However, phenolic acid content decreased at Cd≤ 20.00 mg/kg dry soil and increased at Cd>20.00 mg/kg dry soil. 2) Low doses of Pb²⁺ (< 300 mg/kg) significantly affected the response character of simple glucides and phenolic acid contents to the stress of Cd. Furthermore, it mainly exihibited that the phenolic acid content increased and simple glucides content decreased under the stress of Pb/Cd. 3) Between Pb/Cd and Cd, the correlation character was different between contents of simple glucides and phenolic acid and rhisophere soil microbial activities such as the number of soil bacterial, fungi, and actinomycetes, soil urease, invertase, and dehydrogenase activities, the content of soil organic matter and total nitrigen, and soil microbial biomass carbon.