应用物种指示值法解析昆嵛山植物群落类型和植物多样性
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林业科技创新平台项目(2011-LYPT-DW-004);国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(201004003-1);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFRIFEEP200903)


Applications of species indicator for analyzing plant community types and their biodiversity at Kunyushan National Forest Reserve
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    摘要:

    生物指示目前被广泛用于各类生态系统恢复的监测和评估、生态系统管理的政策与法规的制定等。采用物种指示值法解析昆嵛山植物群落类型及其植物多样性,为进一步开展昆嵛山森林自然恢复评价和森林管理提供依据。物种累计曲线分析表明,从昆嵛山自然保护区40块永久性标准样地实际采到的物种占全部物种数(估计值ACE为131.26)的92.9%,显示抽样充分。采用主坐标分析将昆嵛山森林群落进一步划分为6种林分类型,通过物种指示值分析得到了各林分类型的指示物种。其中,黑松、山槐、麻栎是黑松林的指示物种;郁李、赤松、山胡椒是赤松林的指示物种;日本落叶松/刺杉林的显著指示物种包括日本落叶松、水榆花楸、刺杉、白檀和水蜡。针叶树-麻栎混交林的指示物种是麻栎;而针叶树-杂木混交林的指示物种构成复杂,如粘鱼须、楸树、华山松,等。阔叶林的物种组成很不相同,分别有枫香林、麻栎林、刺槐林、和水榆花楸林。综合比较不同林分类型乔灌草的整体多样性特点表明,6种林分类型的物种多度和物种丰富度无显著差异;阔叶林的Fisher α指数(P< 0.001)、Shannon-Wiener指数(P=0.001),Simpson指数(P=0.034)与其它5种林分类型相比差异显著;其他5种林分类型的Fisher α指数和Shannon-Wiener指数无显著差异,但Simpson指数在这些林分间差异显著。昆嵛山林分类型的多样性与30a前树种引进和人工造林等人为干扰密不可分。

    Abstract:

    Species indicator is now widely used in monitoring and assessing restoration of various ecosystems after disturbance and in policy-making for ecosystem management. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether species indicator can be used to provide theoretical guidance for assessing forest restoration after disturbance and the effects of different forest management measures at Kunyushan National Forest Reserve. Analysis of species accumulation curves indicated that samples from the 40 permanent plots set by Kunyushan Ecosystem Station were statistically sufficient for analyzing the species composition and its change, because the species collected from the 40 permanent plots account for 92.9% of total number of the estimated species with an ACE value of 131.26. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that plant communities at Kunyushan Forest Reserve could be grouped into six stand types. Species indicator values (IndVals) analysis suggested the each stand type had its own unique indicators. Pinus thunbergii (IndVal=0.6404, P=0.004), Sorbus pohuashanensis (IndVal=0.5556, P=0.005) and Quercus acutissima (IndVal =0.5415, P=0.044) were indicators for P. thunbergii stands; indicators of P. densiflora stands were Prunus japonica (IndVal=0.7685, P=0.001), P. densiflora(IndVal=0.6321, P=0.001) and Lindera metcalfiana (IndVal=0.5464, P=0.020). Species indicators for Larix kaempfer/Cunninghamia lanceolata stands included Larix kaempfer (IndVal=0.7711, P=0.002), Sorbus alnifolia(IndVal=0.7689, P=0.002), Cunninghamia lanceolata (IndVal=0.6333, P=0.004), Symplocos paniculata(IndVal=0.536, P=0.033) and Ligustrum obtusifolium (IndVal=0.5000, P=0.003). Quercus acutissima (IndVal=0.9571, P=0.004) was also an indicator for conifer-Quercus acutissima mixed stands, whereas Smilax sieboldi (IndVal=0.7200, P=0.010), Catalpa bungei (IndVal=0.6000, P=0.001) and P. armandi (IndVal=0.6000, P=0.001) were indicators for conifer-broadleaved mixture. Broadleaved forest included Liquidambar formosana stand,Quercus acutissima stand, Robinia pseudoacacia stand and Sorbus alnifolia stand, in which they themselves were indicators of related stand types. No statistically significant difference was found among the six stand types in their abundance and species richness, while the diversity indices of Fisher α, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson were significantly different among these stand types. The highest Fisher α index and Shannon-Wiener index were found in broadleaved stand types, whose Simpson index was the lowest. Fisher α and Shannon-Wiener indexes showed no statistically significant differences among the other stand types, i.e. P. thunbergii stands, P. densiflora stands, Larix kaempfer/Cunninghamia lanceolata stands, conifer- Quercus acutissima mixed stands and conifer-broadleaved mixture. The formation of diverse forest stand types mainly resulted from anthropogenic disturbance about 30 years ago, when new species were introduced and many trees were planted.

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孙志强,张星耀,朱彦鹏,梁军,于善栋,张英军,杨晓燕.应用物种指示值法解析昆嵛山植物群落类型和植物多样性.生态学报,2011,31(11):3120~3132

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