The wetland landscape dynamics and its environmental effects have been considered as a research hotspot. But researches about soil carbon pool changes driven by landscape pattern changes were rarely seen. To address this issue, a study was carried out in the Napahai wetland, a sensitive region of global changes in northwestern Yunnan, adopting the In-situ intact soil sampling methodology and supported by the "3S" tools.Results showed that the landscape altered significantly within 26 years. Compared with 1974a, the fragmentation of Napahai landscapes was increasing, the landscape shapes became more complicated, dispersed, and dominated by large patches, the matrix of the Napahai landscapes has been converted from wetland types to the ever-increasing human land use types. At the land level,the patch number and landscape shape index increased 42% and 12.19% by 1994, as well as 40% and 1.02% by 2000. The aggregation index decreased 0.56% (by 1994) and 0.52% (by 2000). Landscape diversity and landscape dominance firstly increased 0.844% and 0.847% by 1994 and then decreased 3.130% and 3.134% by 2000. At the class level, the changes of wetland types trended to complexity, the area percentage of water body, marsh and swampy meadow increased form 70.29% (1974) to 72.20% (1994) then decreased to 48.79% (2000), however, that of meadow and farmland decreased a bit in 1994 then largely increased in 2000a. The landscape pattern changes of the wetland had impacts on the wetland's soil carbon storage fluctuation. Responding to the landscape area changes, soil carbon storage increased from 33.46×10⁴t (1974) to 36.91×10⁴t (1994) and then decreased to 32.92×10⁴t (2000). With the landscape type transformations, the soil carbon sequestration and emission form 1974 to 1994 reached respectively 6.08×10⁴t and 2.63×10⁴t. The soil carbon sequestration form 1994 to 2000 reached 2.01×10⁴t, nonetheless, the emission increased sharply, which is up to 2.28 times of that of 1974-1994.The landscape pattern changes, the soil carbon storage and its "source/sink" shifts have been imposed by both natural factors and human impacts. Under the context of geology, hydrology and climate changes, human disturbances such as wetland drainage, reclamation, overgrazing, and vegetation destruction of catchments have further intensified the changes of wetland.