One of the principal insights of Darwin′s theory of evolution by natural selection is the common descent of all organisms. Perhaps the strongest evidence for common descent is the shared underlying biochemistry based on nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other biomolecules. At the same time, natural selection has generated a plethora of morphologies, life history strategies and other differences that reflect variation in the way that organisms take up and transform energy and a variety of material elements. Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework for linking this variation with species interactions, food web dynamics, and nutrient cycling, and is a useful tool to study the effect of elemental composition of organisms on the nutrient cycling. Ecological stoichiometry is a complementary model of ecosystem functioning, potentially supplementing and extending insights from ecological energetics, which has been the dominant mode of biophysical analysis in ecology. Central to the stoichiometric application in ecology is realizing biological entities (such as molecules, organelles, cells, and organisms) varied considerably in terms of their elemental composition and these differences are fundamentally linked to important aspects of ecological functioning. Thus, the ways that organisms interact with each other and with their abiotic environment can be strongly and reciprocally influenced by the elemental requirements of organisms involved and the balance of chemical elements presented to them in their environment. In this study, we explored the relationship between the stoichiometry properties and the species diversity by testing C, N and P contents of plant and soil across three successional stages (15 years old (CF), 30 years old (CT), and primary forest (CP)) of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests in Southwest China. The results showed that N and P contents in the soil and plants as well as soil C content were the lowest in the CT, and there was no significant difference in C content in plants across three successional stages. The N content of 40% common species were the highest in CP, and P content of 40% common species were the highest in CF, while no significant difference were detected to C content of 80% common species. The N/P and C/P ratios in soil decreased with succession, while no significant difference existed for the C/N ratio in soil. The C/N and C/P ratios in plants were the highest in CT, and the N/P ratio in plants increased with succession well. The C/N ratio of 40% common species were the lowest in CP, while there were no significant difference for the C/P and N/P ratios of 60% common species in three successional stage. However, the N/P ratio of 70% common species in CF were lower than 14, and 50% common species in CT were 14-16, and 80% common species in CP were higher than 16. There were no significant correlations between species richness(or abundance) and C/N, N/P and C/P ratios. However, N and P content in plants were positively correlated with their contents in soil respectively. Our test finally indicated that N and P content in soil would affect N and P content in plants.