Irrigation frequency influences crop yield formation and life history strategy, but little research has done on underground tuber harvested economic crops. Jerusalem artichoke yield and biomass distribution dynamics were determined in different water application compounding treatments with the irrigation time at seedling (S), lush foliage (L), budding (B), and flowering (L) stages, respectively. The treatments were J1, in which crops were watered 600mm at seedling stage (S600, equal to natural rainfall), J2 (S600+L600), J3 (S600+B600), J4 (S600+L300+B900), J5 (S600+L900+B300), J6 (S600+L600+B300+F900) and CK, in which crops were never watered. The result indicated that low irrigation frequency significantly decreased Jerusalem artichoke yield and dry matter accumulation. Plant height was increased the fastest from seedling to lush foliage but significantly decreased after lush foliage, which implied that lush foliage was the fastest nutrition growth period for Jerusalem artichoke. There were significant differences in Jerusalem artichoke yield and dry matter accumulation among different irrigation treatments, with the order as J1