To elucidate the influences of spraying rare earth foliar fertilizer on arthropod community, neutral insect sub-community and prey functional groups in grapery, in this work, systematic investigations were carried out in Feidong of Yangtzi-Huai hills and Xiaoxian of Huanghe River old way. Statistically analytical results showed that lanthanum, neodymium and vinegar(CK2) treatments had not significant impacts on species numbers, individual numbers and species richness index of arthropod community, herbivorous insect sub-community and predatory natural enemy sub-community in the grapery of Feidong ( all t values < t0.05 = 2.07). However, in the grapery of Xiaoxian, the lanthanum and neodymium treatments had very significant influences on species numbers of arthropod community (t values are 3.2571 and 2.6969, respectively), and Lanthanum treatment had also significant effect on species richness (t value = 2.3956), while lanthanum, neodymium and CK2 treatments had not significant influences on the other indexes. The further statistical analysis demonstrated that the t values of species numbers of neutral insect sub-community between the three fertilizer treatments (lanthanum, neodymium and CK2) and CK1 were, respectively, 3.1559, 4.0102 and 0.5959; and the t values of individual numbers were, respectively, 2.0390, 1.7349 and 0.4564; as well as the t values of species richness index were, respectively, 4.0491, 4.0601 and 1.0310 in the Feidong′s grapery. Whilst in Xiaoxian′s grapery, the t-testing values of species numbers between the three fertilizer treatments and CK1 were, respectively, 4.6399, 4.9084 and 0; and the t values of individual numbers were, respectively, 1.0340, 1.0196 and 0.8705; as well as the t values of species richness index were, respectively, 3.0646, 4.0325 and 0.0784. These above results indicated that, in both Feidong and Xiaoxian, the t values of both species numbers and species richness index between the two fertilizer treatments (Lanthanum and Neodymium) and CK1 were greater than t0.01 = 2.82, displaying that the Lanthanum and Neodymium fertilizer had highly significant influences on species numbers and species richness index of neutral insects sub-community in graperies, but they had not significant impacts on individual numbers, and that CK2 had also not significant effects on species numbers, individual numbers and species richness index of neutral insect sub-community. In addition, our findings also showed that the t values of species numbers of prey function groups between the three treatments (Lanthanum, Neodymium and CK2) and CK1 were, respectively, 3.4384, 2.3911, and 2.0528 in Feidong′s grapery, and 2.2909, 2.3223 and 03674 in Xiaoxian′s grapery. The t values of species numbers of prey function groups between the two treatments (Lanthanum and Neodymium) and CK2 were, respectively, 1.6397 and 0.6357 in Feidong′s grapery, and 2.7533 and 27744 in Xiaoxian′s grapery, which indicating that both Lanthanum and Neodymium fertilizer had significant influences on species numbers of prey functional groups in the above two areas. Whilst the t values of individual numbers of prey function groups between the three treatments (Lanthanum, Neodymium and CK2 ) and CK1 were, respectively, 1.3047, 1.0338 and 0.2300 in Feidong′s grapery, and 1.0431, 1.0245 and 0.7369 in Xiaoxian′s grapery; and the t values of individual numbers of prey function groups between the two treatments (Lanthanum and Neodymium) and CK2 were, respectively, 16014 and 1.1835 in Feidong′s grapery, and 0.9495 and 0.9490 in Xiaoxian′s grapery, which showed that all t values were less than t0.05 = 2.07, revealing that these rare earth foliar fertilizers had not significant influences on individual numbers of prey function groups in both Feidong and Xiaoxian. The further analysis demonstrated that these rare earth foliar fertilizers had little effects on species richness index of prey function groups in Feidong′s grapery. However, the t values of species richness index of between the two rare earth foliar fertilizers (Lanthanum and Neodymium) and CK2 were respectively 21709 and 2.0226, showing that the two rare earth foliar fertilizers had significant impacts on species richness index of prey function groups in Xiaoxian′s grapery. These above results revealed that spraying rare earth foliar fertilizer had very significant influences on species numbers of neutral insect sub-community and prey functional groups in grapery.