Wetland is a special and effective ecosystem between water and land, of which the basic function is to adjust the water circle and maintain the habitats for special animals and plants. Wetland is also a sort of special soil resources and ecosystem, in which insects play a very important role. But is not deeply and not be utilized amply. In such systems insects serve as an important food source for insectivores such as birds. Zhalong Wetland Nature Reserve(46°40' 47°20'N,123°59' 124°40'E), situated in the west of Heilongjiang Province of China, is the biggest and the most important Grus japonensis red-crowned crane wetland nature reserve in China, providing indispensable areas of the livelihood for Grus japonensis red-crowned crane as well as a temporary habitat for the migrating birds in severe danger such as white crane, Black stock, Cygnus cygnus whooper swan, Anser albifrons and Ciconia boyciana. The present study collected samples of nocturnal insects from July 9 to September 20 in 2009, and as a result, both the composition and dynamics of this community were gained, which will provide information for studying and protecting this region. Sample locations included Zhalong village, Yantongtun, Tumutai and Yuweichang. In the survey, light trap was the main method to collect samples of insects, and sampled one night per twenty days. Samples were then identified in the laboratory room. The results are as follows: A total of 139 species belonging to 54 families in 14 orders were identified, of which Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Dipteral are the major orders, and indicating high in richness of biodiversity. The insect communities of Zhalong Wetland have been analyzed, by using the curve of the insect community species-abundance, the indices of diversity, the connection of the evenness and the indices of diversity. The results reveal that the species rank abundance of insect of Zhalong Wetland fits a lognormal model. The species richness (S) of four different locations were Zhalong village>Yantongtun>Yuweichang>Tumutai. However, the evenness(J') and diversity index(H') were Yantongtun>Zhalong village>Tu mu tai>Yuweichang. The relationship of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness (J') and species richness index (S) were used to analyze the community diversity in different regions. In Yantongtun, the diversity index (H') of the insect community was significantly correlated with the evenness index (J')(r=0.980, P＜0.05) and the richness index (S)(r=0.963,P＜0.05).The diversity index (H') was significantly correlated with the evenness index (J')(Zhalong village: r=0.984, P＜0.05; Yuweichang: r=0.960, P＜0.05) but not with the richness index (S) (Zhalong village: r=0.861; Yuweichang: r=0.810)in Zhalong village and Yuweichang. In Tumutai, the diversity index (H') was not significantly correlated with the evenness index (J')(r=0.800) and richness index (S) (r=0.800). These results suggested that the environmental quality of Zhalong Wetland is relatively well, but some regions such as Tumutai indicated signs of deteriorating as a result of significant interference from human activities. Recommendations with respect to protection and rational use of the wetlands are provided.