YUJING expressway is the first highway built in the desert in China. Ecological environment is fragile and vegetation coverage is low along highway. A section with 60km long passes through mobile, semi-mobile and semi-fixed sand dunes so that the roadbed is prone to encroachment by sandstorms. To reduce such encroachments,an ecological protection project was set up within 200-300 meters on both sides of roadbed. This project used the technology of low upright grid barrier, tall upright grid barrier and composite typed sand barriers. To understand the protection effect of the project during highway construction period, the dynamic changes of soil and water loss within 300 meters on both sides of YUJING Expressway were studied by using ArcGIS Spatial Analysis Platforms and ERDAS Spatial Modeling Platforms based on the digital topographic map with 1 ∶ 250000 scale and two period remote sensing image taken from 1996 and 2006. The investigation area is 70.18 km². The remote sensing digital image processing was employed to extract three factors such as vegetation coverage, land use types and gully density which dominate soil erosion. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was also used on the basis of vector quantization to extract another factor of geographic gradient. Furthermore the spatial overlay analysis of four factors was carried out to obtain the strength grade map at different periods. Finally the volumes of water and soil loss were calculated in the year of 1996 and 2006, respectively, according to the statistical areas of water and soil loss with different degree by using GIS and soil erosion modules of distinct erosion types in the research areas. The results show that there has been an obvious decrease in water and soil loss after the construction of Yu-Jing Expressway. The details are given as the following: The study area is basically plane and mostly composed of slow and slight slopes, of the landform grade <5°, 92.59% out of the total area. The maximum value of gully density in 1996 and 2006 is 3-5 km/km²,and value of most regions is 0-1km/km². In recent 10 years,the grassland with higher coverage and medium coverage have increased by 7.44%-8.41% along YUJING Expressway. The largest proportion of extremely heavy loss area appeared in 1996 and 2006, which was 55.38％ and 34.24％, respectively, the area decreased by 21.14%. The total volume of water and soil loss decreased by 1.926×10⁵ t/a in 2006 as compared with that in 1996. There had been considerable improvements in ecological environment and water and soil loss by implementing such measures as greening engineering, sand defense and ecological recovery since YUJING Expressway was built.