Global change is becoming one of central issue in broadly disciplines. Litter decomposition is a critical pathway of nutrient cycling in forests, and it plays an important role in linking aboveground and belowground processes of forest ecosystems. Global warming could have complicated effects on litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Although litterfall composition and dynamics had been widely studied. However the influence of global warming on the litterfall decomposition is poorly understood, so our objective was to explore the effects of global warming on the litterfall decomposition in Mid-subtropical and tropical China. The leaf litter of six main tree species in subtropical and tropical China, including Pinus massoniana, Phyllostachys heterocycla, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cycas revoluta, were selected and their decomposition rates were measured by litterbag in two sites (Qiandaohu in Zhejiang Province and Jianfengling in Hainan Province). The two sites have similar soil types and slope aspect. The annual mean temperature with the difference of 3.0℃ and mean annual precipitation between two sites. The decomposition experiment was conducted with nylon bag and the leaf litter were collected in Lin’an County of Zhejiang Province, in March of 2006. These material of leaf litter had been drought at 80℃ and analyzed their N, P, K, C and lignin initial contents variation. We packed them with 216 nylon bags, then placed to the ground surface of evergreen broad-leaf forest of Zhejiang Province and tropical rain forest of Hainan Province. Eighteen bags were take out once a month. The experiment period was about two years. When the litter bags were take out, they were clean and dry, The weight loss rate were measured, and calculated the decomposition rate. The results indicate that the order of litter decomposition rate was Phyllostachys heterocycla > Schima superba > Cyclobalanopsis glauca > Pinus massoniana > Metasequoia glyptostroboides > Cycas revolute both in Jianfengling and Qiandaohu. The 95% decomposition time ranges from 3.22 to 8.81 in Jianfengling, and from 4.61 to 14.27 in Qiandaohu. The decomposition rate in Jianfengling is faster than it is in Qiandaohu. The leaf litter decomposition of Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca are especially faster in Jianfengling than in Qiandaohu. The litter decomposition rate of Phyllostachys heterocycla is the fastest, and its decomposition rate is higher than other species. The difference between Jianfengling and Qiandaohu also was significant (P <0.05). As climate warming in the future, assuming the condition of Qiandaohu will be change to like Jianfengling, the litter decomposition rate will increase 43.08%-95.65%, the 95% decomposition time will shorten 30.15%-48.85%. The ranges of Q10 will be from 3.30 to 9.35, based on the basis of temperature difference between two sites, ranges We also found that annual decomposition rates of leaf litter in Qiandaohu was significantly correlated with the initial N and lignin concentration (P <0.05), The relationship between decomposition rate and litter substrate quality was not significant in Jianfengling site. Therefore, the initial N and lignin concentration of leaf litter could be the good indictors of litter decomposition rate in mid-subtropical area.