This study adopted the method of multi-scale integrated analysis of societal metabolism (MSIASM) to evaluate societal sustainable development levels of 30 provinces of China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Jilin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Qinghai by the indicators of human activity, exosomatic energy rate, overhead of human activity and overhead of exosomatic energy in different levels. Combining the methods of complete decomposition analysis and MSIASM, we identified the constraints for the sustainable development of 30 Chinese provinces. The results showed that MSIASM was appropriate to evaluate the sustainable development for 30 Chinese provinces. Compared with 2003, in 2007, the levels of productive and consumption level generally increased. In Inner Mongolia, the rapid growth of mineral industry promoted intense development for the industry and services, so the general level of social metabolism was higher than other provinces. In Hainan, the overall industrial level kept not high and main industries were still agriculture and tourism, so the general level of social metabolism was lower than other provinces. In Jiangxi and Guizhou, the development of productive industry was too fast, and the development of services and improvement of living condition was too slow, so metabolism level in productive sector increased and metabolism level in consumption sector decreased. In Hebei, Qinghai and Xinjiang, the development of industries in social economic was too fast, and the improvement of living condition was too slow, so metabolism level in paid work sector increased and metabolism level in household sector decreased. In Anhui and Guangxi, the development of agriculture and the improvement of living condition was too fast, and the development of industry and service was too slow, so metabolism level in non-agriculture productive sector increased and metabolism level in agriculture and household sector decreased. In Shanxi and Shanghai, the development of non-agriculture industry and the improvement of living condition were too fast, and the development of agriculture was too slow, so metabolism level of non-agriculture sector increased and metabolism level of agriculture sector decreased. The cluster of capital and technology was the important impacting factor for social sustainable development of 30 Chinese provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang should fasten the modification of industrial structure, and Jilin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai should improve the quality and quantity of resources and the aggregated levels of technologies for solving the uncoordinated problem for the cluster of resource and technology and industrial modification in 30 Chinese provinces. Compared with the year of 2003, in the year of 2007 Chinese provinces' societal metabolism were lightly anomalies, which mean that the social burden was transferred from southern China to northern China. Another finding was that compared with other countries and regions the living condition of most Chinese provinces were still in the developing country' levels except that of Shanghai was in the developed country's level and we should notice past unsustainable developed questions occurred in those countries and regions for our social future development.