Xiangshan Bay, located on the east coast of China, is a semi-enclosed bay with slow rate of water exchange. Pollutants from aquaculture systems that released to the bay are not effectively dispersed to the open sea. The adverse environmental impacts of aquaculture development has now become a matter of urgency to the region. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of macrobenthic communities under three different mariculture areas including sea tangle culture area, oyster-culture area and fish cage-culture area in Xiangshan Bay in February 2009. 73 species of macrobenthos were identified, including Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacean, Echinodermata and Others. Polychaeta and Crustacean are the major groups of macrobenthos in the investigation areas. The dominant speciesare Yoldia similis, Grandidierella japonica, Dosinia laminate, Cultellus attenuatus, and Scapharca subcrenata in the sea tangle culture area, Yoldia similis, Eunice indica, Sthenolepis japonica, Amphioplus japonicus in the oyster-culture area, and Amphioplus depressus, Mitrella bella, Nassarius variciferus, Diopatra chilienis, Protankyra bidentata, Amphioplus japonica, Marphysa sanguinea, Sthenolepis japonica, and Scapharca subcrenata in the fish cage-culture area, respectively. The average abundances of macrobenthos in sea tangle culture area, oyster-culture area and fish cage-culture area were (132±71) ind/m²、(94±91) ind/m² and (210±132) ind/m², respectively. And the average biomass of macrobenthos in sea tangle culture area, oyster-culture area and fish cage-culture area were (26.51±11.06) g/m²、(53.03±61.94) g/m² and (108.80±73.56) g/m², respectively. The abundance and biomass of macrobenthos have significantly differences among the different mariculture areas and sampling stations. The abundance of macrobenthos in the sea tangle culture area did not differ from those in the oyster-culture area and the fish cage-culture area, but there was significant difference between the oyster-culture area and the fish cage-culture area. The biomass of macrobenthos in the sea tangle culture area did not differ from the oyster-culture area, but the biomass of macrobenthos in the fish cage-culture area differed significantly from the sea tangle culture area and from the oyster-culture area. The relationships between the environmental factors and the major groups from three different mariculture areas were studied by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results showed that the temperature, salinity, Total nitrogen (TN) and Total phosphorus (TP) were the main environmental factors correlated with macrobenthic community. The results of cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation showed that CCA ordination well visually demonstrated the community distribution and its relationship to the environmental factors. Abundance/biomass comparison curve method was used to determine the levels of macrobenthic communities under the disturbance condition. The macrobenthic community in fish cage-culture area was under the obviously disturbance situation while the macrobenthic communities in other two mariculture areas were undisturbed.