安徽菜子湖大型底栖动物的群落结构特征
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安庆市中国-欧盟生物多样性示范项目(00056783);安徽大学人才队伍建设项目


Community structure of macrozoobenthos in Caizi Lake, China
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    摘要:

    近年来,长江中下游迅速发展的淡水渔业对湖泊湿地产生严重扰动,湖泊生态系统的结构和功能受到影响。为揭示大型底栖动物群落对湖泊扰动的响应,对安徽菜子湖群不同养殖程度的白兔湖、嬉子湖和菜子湖3个湖区进行了大型底栖动物周年定量调查。全湖设置49个样点,调查7次。共采集到大型底栖动物34属39种,优势种为摇蚊(Tendipes sp.)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)、长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)。大型底栖动物密度为(55.20±76.25) 个/m2,生物量为(19.56±65.37) g/m2,其中白兔湖、菜子湖、嬉子湖密度分别为(63.43±52.76)、(36.44±34.49)和(79.77±118.90) 个/m2,生物量分别为(17.48±28.24)、(21.70±39.44)和(4.94±18.46) g/m2。嬉子湖的节肢动物密度和生物量均显著大于白兔湖和菜子湖(P<0.01),而白兔湖和菜子湖的软体动物密度和生物量均显著大于嬉子湖(P<0.01)。聚类分析表明,白兔湖和菜子湖的大型底栖动物的群落结构相似性较高,但与嬉子湖养殖区的相似性较低。白兔湖和菜子湖大型底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为2.25、1.71,嬉子湖仅为1.44。与2001年的资料相比,大型底栖动物的优势种发生了改变,群落多样性显著降低。水产养殖、修建堤坝等人为干扰已经对菜子湖群大型底栖动物群落结构产生了较大的影响,发展可持续渔业将是湖泊生态系统保护的重要途径。

    Abstract:

    In the middle and low floodplain of Yangtze River the increasing aquiculture had disturbed the lake wetlands, seriously affected the structure and function of the lake wetland ecosystems. In order to have an insight into the macrozoobenthic community in response to the anthropogenic disturbance, we surveyed the density and biomass of the macrozoobenthos of Caizi Lake group (Anqing City, Anhui Province) through 49 sampling sites. By seven surveys in 2008 and 2009, a total of 39 macrozoobenthic species were found, among them the dominant species were Tendipes sp., Branchiura sowerbyi, and Alocinma longicornis. The average density of macrozoobenthic was (55.20±76.25) ind./m2 and the average biomass was (19.56±65.37) g/m2. Compared with 2001, the macrozoobenthic diversity markedly decreased, and the dominant species had obvious changes too. In Baitu Lake, Caizi Lake and Xizi Lake, the average density was (63.43±52.76), (36.44±34.49) and (79.77±118.90) ind./m2 respectively, the average biomass was (17.48±28.24), (21.70±39.44) and (4.94±18.46) g/m2. Among the three lakes, Xizi Lake had higher average density and biomass of arthropoda than Baitu Lake (P<0.01) and Caizi Lake (P<0.01). However, Xizi Lake had lower average density and biomass of mollusk than Baitu Lake (P<0.01) and Caizi Lake (P<0.01). Moreover, in Xizi Lake, there was a lower Shannon-Wiener index (1.44) than Baitu Lake (2.25) and Caizi Lake (1.71). Through Clustering Analysis approach, the high similarity of macrozoobenthic community was found between Baitu Lake and Caizi Lake. Above results indicated that the pressure of anthropogenic interference, such as aquiculture, had taken obvious effects on the macrozoobenthic community structure. For the biodiversity conservation of the Caizi lake wetlands, the sustainable fishery model should be estabilsed in the urgent future.

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徐小雨,周立志,朱文中,许仁鑫,曹玲亮,陈锦云,王勋.安徽菜子湖大型底栖动物的群落结构特征.生态学报,2011,31(4):943~953

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