Daxing′anling region is not only one of the major forest zones but also one of the fire-prone forest areas in China. Forest fire, a major disturbance factor in this ecosystem, can influence the progress of an entire forest ecosystem. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Livt is a variety of Mongolian pine, and is found mainly in the Daxing′an Mountains. Frequent forest fires have recently caused a sharp decrease of Mongolian pine forest area. Therefore, we are now using tree-ring scars to reconstruct forest fire history and place current wildfires in a historical perspective. Eleven fire-scar discs were collected and used to create a fire chronology for the past 258 years. Sample preparation and crossdating took place at Mengkeshan of Tahe, located north of the Daxing′an Mountains. In the samples taken, the lowest number of fire scars was three and the maximum was seven. There were a total of forty-one scars recorded from the samples. Most of the scars came from the earlywood (61%), and the rest came from the latewood or could not be accurately determined. The earliest and latest forest fires in this chronology occurred in 1862 and 1987 respectively. Fires in 1883, 1925 and 1944 showed higher coherence among samples, which indicated that those fires were widespread, and could have been triggered by climate or by human factors. The biggest forest fire in the instrumental record was in 1987. This occurred right after the foundation of the P. R. China and was only found in one tree-ring sample. This gave evidence that not all violent forest fires were included in sampled tree-ring fire scars. The grand mean of individual tree-ring fire scars was 32.5 years, while the longest fire-free interval recorded for all trees that were sampled was 61 years in this area. Using the FHX2 software, mean fire interval (MFI) and fire return interval in the Mongolian pine forest of Mengkeshan were 24.8 and 33 years, respectively. Composite fire chronologies were tabulated on four levels. The 32.5 years composite MFI of this study is similar to the 37 and 37.2 years MFI from A′longshan in Daxing′an Mountains by Xu et al. and from northern Daxing′an Mountains by Hu et al. and the 21.7 years composite MFI in this report is a little longer than the 19.8 years MFI reported by Wang et al. The Mongolian pine forest fire history of Mengkeshan can be roughly divided into three historical periods depending on fire frequency distribution. During the mid-Qing Dynasty (1723-1859), there were few fire occurrences because of a “Closure Policy” and few human activities. During the period of late-Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1860-1949), forest fire numbers increased rapidly due to the “Open Policy”, huge crowds flocking into this area, and frequent wars. After the foundation of the P. R. China (1950-present), forest fire numbers decreased sharply because the new Chinese government implemented a strict forest prevention policy in Daxing′an Mountains region. This research provides basic data for studying forest fire spatio-temporal regime and its causal mechanisms in Daxing′an Mountains.