不同年份油桃园三种主要害虫与其天敌的关系
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安徽省省长专项基金项目(y47)


Relationships between three main pests in peach orchards and their natural enemies in different years
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    摘要:

    以中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站典型草原施肥小区为对象,研究了连续5a施氮肥(不施肥对照-CK,N525、N105、N175和N280 kg hm-2)和磷肥(P9、P37和P75 kg hm-2)对土壤生物多样性的影响。结果表明,连续5a施氮磷肥,随施肥量增加,土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物活性和代谢熵显著降低,而土壤微生物量磷则显著增加。高氮(N280)和高磷(P75)处理,不仅显著降低了微生物利用碳源的能力和微生物功能多样性,而且改变了微生物利用碳功能群结构,施氮肥处理更为明显。大量施用氮肥显著降低了土壤线虫总数和不同营养类群的数量,而施磷肥对线虫总数影响并不显著,相反,施磷肥和少量氮肥却提高了食细菌线虫的数量和比例。施用氮肥土壤原生动物总数呈下降趋势,而施磷肥则显著增加,但适度施用氮肥和磷肥时,土壤原生动物群落最为旺盛,尤其是施磷肥后肉足虫数量大幅度提高。氮磷肥对土壤理化性质和植被组成影响的差异,可能是土壤生物对不同肥料及其用量的响应存在较大差异的原因所在,其中施氮肥多以负效应为主,而施磷肥则多以正效应为主。

    Abstract:

    To conserve and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of pests in peach orchards, the quantity, time and space framework of Myzus persicae, Empoasca flavescens, Tetranychus viennensis and their predatory natural enemies in the spring-summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 were studied using grey system analysis, ecological niche analysis and aggregated-intensity index analysis of spatial patterns. The synthetic ranking results indicated the orders of main natural enemies of the three pests in the spring-summer seasons were: Myzus persicae: Epistrophe balteata, Harmonia axyridis, Misumenops tricuspidatus; Empoasca flavescens: Misumenops tricuspidatus, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Erigonidium graminicola; Tetranychus viennensis: Erigonidium graminicola, Theridion octomaculatum, Misumenops tricuspidatus. The order of main natural enemies in 2008 autumn were: Myzus persicae: Theridion octomaculatum, Chrysopa Sinica, Tetragnatha maxillosa; Empoasca flavescens: Erigonidium graminicola, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Epistrophe balteata; Tetranychus viennensis: Theridion octomaculatum, Harmonia axyridis, Chrysopa Sinica. The numbers of pests and their natural enemies showed no significant difference between the two years.

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赵学娟,徐玉蕊,邹运鼎*,毕守东,禹坤,党凤花,郁晓蓓.不同年份油桃园三种主要害虫与其天敌的关系.生态学报,2010,30(20):5527~5536

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