梨园芳香植物间作区中国梨木虱与其天敌类群的相互作用
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国家科技支撑重大资助项目(2008BAD92B08);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(6102004); 北京市科学技术重大资助项目(D0705044040291)


The interaction among Psylla chinensis and natural enemies in the different aromatic plants intercropping plots of pear orchard
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    摘要:

    为探讨间作芳香植物对梨园中国梨木虱与其天敌类群相互作用的影响,在梨园中设置不同种类的芳香植物间作处理,以清耕区为对照,研究不同芳香植物间作区中国梨木虱及其天敌类群组成、种群消长动态、时间生态位的变化,并进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,不同处理区中国梨木虱及其天敌类群数量和发生频率、组成及时序特征、时间生态位宽度与重叠存在明显差别。在梨树年生长周期中,薄荷间作区的中国梨木虱的时间生态位宽度明显增大,多数天敌的时间生态位宽度显著增加,中国梨木虱与天敌种群发生量分布较均匀,但发生的高峰不明显,时间生态位重叠指数均较大,表现出时序上的同步性和跟随性。孔雀草间作区、罗勒间作区、自然生草区的中国梨木虱的生态位宽度较薄荷间作区小,有明显的高峰期,天敌的生态位宽度较对照大,无明显的高峰期。一些天敌种群如跳小蜂、丽草蛉、茧蜂、姬蜂与中国梨木虱在时序上同步性较大,跟随现象明显;而龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫和七星瓢虫等天敌种群与中国梨木虱在时序上同步性较差,跟随现象较弱。灰色关联度分析结果表明,薄荷间作区跳小蜂、孔雀草间作区中华大草蛉、罗勒间作区龟纹瓢虫和中华大草蛉、自然生草区丽草蛉、茧蜂、赤眼蜂对中国梨木虱的影响程度较其它种群大。结果显示,梨园间作芳香植物可能通过改变中国梨木虱及其天敌类群的组成、时序特征和生态位特征等控制中国梨木虱的发生。

    Abstract:

    To evaluate effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the interactions among Psylla chinensis and its natural enemies in pear orchard, the composition, population dynamics, time niche of P. chinensis and its natural enemies in different intercropping regions were investigated and analyzed by grey relational grade method during the annual growth cycle of pear. The results showed that there were obvious differences among the frequency, composition, timing characteristics, breadth and overlap of time niche in the different aromatic plant treatments. In the Mentha haplocalyx (Briq. var. piperascens Malinvaud) region the time niche breadth of P. chinensis and its most of natural enemies were larger than that in clean tillage (CK). Occurrence quantity distributed evenly without an obvious peak. The overlap indices were also greater than that of CK with the phenomenon of synchronization and following performance. In the intercropping Tagetes patula L., Ocimum basilicum L., and natural grass regions, the time niche breadth of P. chinensis was relatively smaller comparing to that in the intercropping Mentha haplocalyx (Briq. var. piperascens Malinvaud) region with an obvious peak, but time niche breadth of natural enemies was greater than CK and without peak. Some natural enemies species, Encyrtidas, Chrysopa perla, Braconids, and Ichneumonids etc., showed synchronization following performance obviously with P. chinensis rather than Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella Septempunctata Linnaeus and Chrysopa stnica Tjeder. The results of grey relational analysis that it has a greater effect on P. chinensis than other species that the Encyrtidas in the intercropping Mentha haplocalyx (Briq. var. piperascens Malinvaud) region, the Ch. stnica Tjeder in the intercropping T. patula L. region, the Propylaea Japonica (Thunberg) and Ch. stnica Tjeder in the intercropping H. axyridis region, the Ch. perla, Braconids and Trichogrammatids in the natural grass area. Therefore, intercropping aromatic plants in the pear orchard may control the occurrence of P. chinensis through improving the group composition, timing characteristics and niche character of the pest and their natural enemies.

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魏巍,孔云,张玉萍,王美超,李振茹,姚允聪*.梨园芳香植物间作区中国梨木虱与其天敌类群的相互作用.生态学报,2010,30(8):2063~2074

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