The rhizosphere soil and the non- rhizosphere soil of seven typical plants were collected as the research object on the Loess Plateau, Soil microbial biomass, basal respiration and soil nutrient were studied through the experiment. The experimental results indicated that: The rhizosphere soil and the non- rhizosphere soil of the seven typical plants had significantly differences in both soil microbial biomass and basal respiration; Except that the content of soil microbial biomass P was lower in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia frigida compared to the non-rhizosphere soil, Both the content of soil microbial biomass and the content of basal respiration were higher in the rhizosphere soil of others plants compared to the non-rhizosphere soil; Soil organic C and total N have correlations with soil microbial biomass C, soil microbial biomass N and basal respiration; But there is significant correlation among soil microbial biomass C, soil microbial biomass N and basal respiration, soil microbial biomass P is not correlated with soil microbial biomass C, soil microbial biomass N and basal respiration; Comparing soil microbial biomass and basal respiration of the seven typical plants, the content in the soil of A. frigida and Agropyron cristatum were higher than that in the soil of others plants, the content in the soil of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz being the lowest.