This paper discusses the interactive relationships of coupling, integrating and harmonizing in Ecology. We present three significant world-wide concerned ecological issues as global ecological security indicated by climate changes, economic fluctuations and social conflicts; regional ecological services degradation characterized by resources exploitation, environmental pollution and ecological stresses; losses of human ecological health and socio-ecological welfare caused by poverty, over-consumption and brutal exploitation. Furthermore, we explore the connotation of ecological civilization as cognitive, institutional, physical and mental dimensions, and discuss its research, development and strategic management. Finally, we present some strategic suggestions on developing ecological civilization as strengthening the research on fundamental and applied ecology, promoting the activities of ecological education and ecological knowledge popularization, and implementing public participation in ecological decision-making and management.