残次油松林群落特征与生物多样性恢复
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s718.55+3

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Community characteristics of degraded Chinese pine stands and their biodiversity restoration
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    摘要:

    在河北省兴隆县雾灵山国家级自然保护区研究了经长期人为破坏的残次油松林的群落特征及其在不同保护年限下的生物多样性恢复规律。研究表明,与正常林分相比,残次林的物种多样性指数大幅度降低,物种数量显著减少。在植物和昆虫群落各项参数的变化中,以灌木和天敌昆虫类群受影响最大,其科数分别减少55.56%和60%,科-种多样性指数分别减少30.1%和60.72%。随保护年限的增加,植物群落呈现明显的规律性变化,在保护早期,科、种数无明显变化,个体数大幅度增加,多样性指数略有降低,此期为个体数量恢复时期;保护中期,种数迅速增加,个体数减少,多样性指数增加,因而,该期是物种的重要恢复时期;此后,科的组成变化明显,科数和科-种多样性指数显著增加。昆虫群落的变化特别是,早期植食性昆虫的科、种、个体数均明显增加,随保护年限延长,所有类群的多样性指数持续增加,特别是保护中期整个群落的科数及天敌昆虫类群的科、种数与多样性指数增加最为显著,分别增加了28.26%、56.25%、44.8%和38.97%,此期为昆虫群落得到最大程度的恢复时期。可见,在油松残次林的恢复过程中,10a左右是群落恢复的关键时期,近20a可接近未受破坏的水平。

    Abstract:

    The community characteristics of degraded Chinese pine ( Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) stands which were damaged for a long time (23 years) by mankind and the restoration of their biodiversity after different years (2,5,11 and 19 years) of protection were studied. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the degraded stands were obviously reduced and their diversity indices were significantly lower compared with that in the stands without damage. For the variation degrees of plant and insect gro...

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高宝嘉,李东义,蔡万坡,于福才.残次油松林群落特征与生物多样性恢复.生态学报,1999,19(5):647~653

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