Figs are an old group of plants, known to have existed in the Cretaceous Period. The ancestors of the fig wasps, (Chalcidoidea) lived as early as the Jurassic. In over a hundred million years, one of the most complicated sym-bioses relationship of between animals and plants has developed. The reciprocal adaptation is so fundamental and diverse that neither partner can exist without the other. In this paper the life cycle of Blastophaga pumilae (Agaonidae, Hyme-noptera) has been described for the first time....