Xiang Jiang River is the largest one in Hunan Province and runs some industrial cities and mine, mills. The factories, especially the smelteries in these cities discharge wastes into the river. So the aquatic environments are polluted in varying degrees. This paper deals with the investigation of benthic macroinvertebrates and the evaluation of water qualities in Xiang Jiang River from July, 1979 to March, 1982. The Peterson grab was used in the whole mainstream and the emphasized reach. According to the re...