Under the global climate change, land use patterns, as one of the most important indicators that influencing the mineralization of soil organic carbon and the distribution of soil organic carbon in soil aggregates, have been increasingly focused on. However, accumulated publications presently showed that very few studies have paid a lot of attention to mineralization carbon, aggregate protected carbon, distribution of soil organic carbon in aggregates and soil aggregate stability effecting on them in karst rocky desertification area. In this paper, stability of soil aggregates, distribution of soil organic carbon and mineralization of organic carbon in macroaggregates under different land use patterns were studied. At the same time, the protection function of macroaggregates to organic carbon was discussed. The objective was to have scientific means for choosing appropriate measures to rehabilitate rocky desertification land. A research trial with four main land use patterns was sampled in karst rocky desertification area, Guanling County, Guizhou province. Soil aggregates were separated by wet sieving. Mineralization of organic carbon in intact and crush macroaggregates was tested by incubation in laboratory. Aggregates protected carbon was measured using methods of wet sieving after 42-day incubations of intact and crush macroaggregates of size <0.25 mm. The results showed: stability of soil aggregates and distribution of organic carbon in each size aggregate was obviously influenced by land use patterns. The mean weighted diameter of aggregates (MWD) was the rank with paddy soil>cropland>Chinese prickly ash orchard>Pitaya orchard. Stability of soil aggregates in paddy was greater than that in dryland, Chinese prickly ash orchard and Pitaya orchard. The content of organic carbon in paddy and dryland was higher than that in Chinese prickly ash orchard and Pitaya orchard. The distribution of organic carbon in each size aggregate was pronounced difference between land use patterns. Organic carbon content of 2 5 mm, 0.25 2 mm and <0.25 mm aggregate was decreased associated with the rank of paddy, Pitaya orchard, dryland, and Chinese prickly ash orchard. But, organic carbon content of 5 8 mm aggregate was highest in Chinese prickly ash orchard and lowest in dryland. The content of macroaggregates protected carbon under Chinese prickly ash orchard, dryland, Pitaya orchard and paddy was 83.37 mg/kg, 78.86 mg/kg, 73.81 mg/kgand 61.04 mg/kg, respectively. The difference above-mentioned of macroaggregate protected carbon content suggested that the protection of macroaggregate to organic carbon was strongest in Chinese prickly ash orchard, followed by dryland and Pitaya orchard and weakest in paddy. That is, Chinese prickly ash orchard can improve the content of soil macroaggregate. Certainly, macroaggregate protected carbon concentration also was increased in Chinese prickly ash orchard than that in other land use patterns. Therefore, planting Chinese prickly ash and Pitaya can improve soil quality, due to increasing macroaggregate concentration and enhancing protection of macroaggregate to organic carbon. The policy implications of this study was that soil in karst rocky desertification area can been managed through changing land use patterns to accumulate more soil organic carbon, in order to reduce the emission of carbon from soil to atmosphere.