Under conditions of the field experiments, formation, morphology and structure of special root hairs on wheat nodal roots were studied. The results showed that special root hairs formed widespread around the basal parts of wheat nodal roots after jointing stage and that distribution of special root hairs on a nodal root could be divided into the concentrated, the moderate, and the sparse segment. Length, diameter,and density of the special root hairs on the concentrated segments were greater or more than those on the moderate or sparse segments. Among those, differences both in length and density between different nodal root segments were extremely significant (P<0.01). Length, diameter, and density of the special root hairs decreased with advance in growing period. Most special root hairs were distorted and deformed to some extent, protruding or branching of root hair cells was a general phenomenon in middle and late growing period, and thickening of secondary walls of the special root hairs occurred.