To evaluate effects of main conservation tillage methods on yield in various ecological regions. We analysed farmer cognitions of factors influencing yield under the main conservation tillage methods by interviewing peasant households in the Northeast China plain, North China plain, Chengdu plain and Northwest China oasis. The indexing set was determined from 7 yield parameters based on expert consultation and relevant literature. A comprehensive evaluation of conservation tillage methods in the various ecological regions was done using the fuzzy theory.The highest score of conservation tillage modes were wide and narrow spaced rotation planting that leaves a high stubble in the Northeast China plain, rotary tilled seeding of wheat under the bestrow of corn stalks and no-tillage seeding of corn and other crops under the bestrow of whole wheat stalks in the North China plain, no tillage with return of the high stubble in the Northwest China oasis and no\|tillage seeding of wheat and other crops under the bestrow of whole rice stalks in Chengdu plain.These research data should be a useful guide for the selection of conservation tillage method for optimum yield effect.