The Gaoligong Mountain, as the subtropics climate, is located in the collision region between the Indian tectonic plate and the Eurasian tectonic plate. In this experiment, the soil property, fauna community type and distribution of 11 samples in Gaoligong Mountain were studied from altitude 960 m to 3188 m. The results showed that the soil property was determined by altitudinal gradient. Significant correlation was observed in soil temperature, water content, organic content and phosphorus content with altitudinal gradient (P<0.05). Two phylums(Annelida and Arthropoda), three classes (Oligochaeta, Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Insect), eighteen Orders, forty-seven Families and thirteen Subfamilys were included in the soil fauna. Isoptera, Hymenoptera and Collembola were dominant in these groups, and Coleoptera, Derampteraand and Diptera were common groups. A single-peak curve was appeared in the vertical distribution pattern of soil fauna. The number of the soil fauna individuals and groups, as well as the value of Simpson Index, Shannon-Wiener Index and Evenness Index gradually increased and then decreased with increase of elevation. The peak of soil fauna appeared in the areas from 1500 m to 2500 m above sea level. Soil fauna distribution and community composition were correlated with the soil property (including in soil organic content, phosphorus content and water content) (P<0.05). The results above indicated that the pattern of soil fauna distribution along the altitudinal gradient may be affected by the multi-factors, such as altitude, rainfall, climate, habitat, soil property and so on.