Biodiversity is closely related to human welfare. In recent years, human activities have caused massive loss of biodiversity. Lots of researches have showed that the species on Planet Earth have been reducing at an unprecedented speed. In order to prevent the loss of biodiversity, many countries and international organizations had carried out lots of researches, enacted laws and regulations, implemented plans and actions on biodiversity and its related issues. DIVERSITAS is one of the four programmes of international global environmental change (GEC), and is the largest international scientific programme on biodiversity. In 2001, DIVERSITAS began its second phase of and developed a new research framework of the core projects, established a number of cross-cutting networks. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) is the first and foremost conservation organization that cares deeply about the diversity of life and whose fundamental expertise is on species habitats and the management of ecosystems. In 2008, IUCN launched IUCN Programme 2009-2012 Shaping a Sustainable Future, five priority thematic areas of IUCN during 2009-2012 were put forward in the Programme. In 2006, EU adopted a new strategy on conservation of biodiversity-Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010 and beyond: Sustaining ecosystem services for human well-being. In addition, many foundations and organizations had also launched a number of global biodiversity plans, such as Census of Marine Life (CoML), Tree of Life (TOL)，The International Barcode of Life Project（iBOL）. These Strategic Plans of research and conservation on biodiversity was introduce in this paper. This paper also pointed out the key issues on biodiversity as below: biodiversity change and ecosystem services, biodiversity and evaluation of ecosystem services; biodiversity and climate change, long term dynamic monitoring for biodiversity, and biodiversity indicators.