A field experiment of long-term application fertilizer treatment (including EM (effective microorganism) compost, traditional compost, chemical fertilizer and control) was carried out in Qu-Zhou experimental station, China Agricultural University. The results showed that soil mineral nitrogen in different treatments had the following trend in wheat growing prophase: chemical fertilizer > EM compost > traditional compost > control. But there had the following trend in wheat growing anaphase: EM compost > traditional compost > chemical fertilizer > control. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate in different treatments had the following trend: EM compost > traditional compost > chemical fertilizer > control. The wheat yield in EM compost treatment was significantly higher than that in traditional compost treatment, and in traditional compost treatment was significantly higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment, and in chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in control. The content of mineral nitrogen, nitrogen mineralization rate and wheat yield in EM compost treatment were increased compared to traditional compost treatments.