藏东南大气氮湿沉降动态变化——以林芝观测点为例
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西藏自治区科技厅资助项目(2007-自然基金-25);国家自然科学基金资助项目(20577068);国家科技支撑重点资助项目(2007BAC06B04)


A dynamic changes of wet deposition of nitrogen in southeast Tibet: taking Linzhi experiment station as an example
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    摘要:

    利用量雨器和湿沉降收集仪在藏东南通过2a的试验, 研究了该区大气氮素沉降的浓度、沉降量以及季节变化规律。结果表明:藏东南大气氮素湿沉降(无机氮)为1.33~3.05 kg/ (hm2·a),平均值为2.36 kg/ (hm2·a),降水中铵态氮和硝态氮的平均浓度分别为0.36 mg/L和0.10 mg/L ,NH+4-N/ NO-3-N接近4 。各形态氮月均浓度之间差别较大,具有明显的季节性,其中NH+4-N月均浓度动态变化明显,5、6、7月份浓度较高(>0.5 mg/L),NO-3-N 12月份浓度(0.49 mg/L)为全年最高;氮浓度的季节变化,以春冬较高,夏秋季较低,离散程度以春季最大。降水量与各形态氮沉降呈一定幂型负相关,相关系数为0.705,0.641,分别达到0.006 (NH+4-N)和0.019(NO-3-N)的显著水平。氮月沉降以5~6月份最高,占全年的32.3%;氮季沉降以夏季所占比例最高,约占50%,冬季最低(2%~3%)。

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    Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, as both a component of acid deposition and a nutrient source, is of increasing interest. Most research on N deposition mainly focuses on sensitive natural ecosystems such as forests and in developed countries. Information on N deposition in important ecosystems such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is scarce. Although we might expect less impact from anthropogenic deposition compared with other regions of China, the ecological environment there is fragile. A study of atmospheric N input in this region would not only indicate N deposition in remote areas of high altitude, but also provide a scientific basis for understanding the N cycle in such natural ecosystems. The research was carried out at the Ecology Research Institute, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, in a typical forest ecosystem of southeast Tibet. Rain and snow samples were collected and analysed and N concentration and deposition calculated for 2005 and 2006. Annual wet deposition of inorganic N averaged 2.36 kg/ (hm2 a). Volume-weighted concentrations of NH+4-N and NO-3-N were 0.36 mg/L and 0.10mg/L, respectively, and varied throughout the year. Higher values of N concentration in rain were found in winter and spring, while lower values were found in summer and autumn.Both the NH+4-N and NO-3-N deposition significantly decreased with the increased precipitation (p (NH+4-N) = 0.006, p (NO-3-N) = 0.019), and N concentrations significantly increased with precipitation, fitting a power equation (p﹤0.05). N deposition was highest; the lowest value was found in winter (only 2%-3% of total annual deposition). NH+4-N was the dominant species in wet deposition, comprising 81.1% of total wet inorganic N deposition.

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贾钧彦,张颖,蔡晓布*,刘学军*.藏东南大气氮湿沉降动态变化——以林芝观测点为例.生态学报,2009,29(4):1907~1913

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