NH+4-N和NO-3-N肥对大棚黄瓜根际土线虫群落组成及其多样性影响
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中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目(KZCX2-XB2-02-01-03);国家“十一五”科技攻关资助项目(2006BAC01A15);中国科学院西部之光联合学者资助项目,中国科学院-乐山市院地合作资助项目;四川省科技攻关资助项目


Effects of two forms of mineral nitrogenous fertilizers on nematode community composition and diversity in rhizosphere of cucumber in greenhouses
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    摘要:

    研究了两种形态氮肥,硝态氮(NO-3-N)和铵态氮(NH+4-N),对大棚黄瓜整个生长期内土壤线虫的群落组成及其多样性的影响差异。结果表明:在黄瓜的整个生育期内,NO-3-N和NH+4-N抑制了土壤线虫总量。在黄瓜各生长阶段,土壤线虫总量在NO-3-N和NH+4-N处理下,均无显著性差异。两种形态氮肥处理后,垫刃属和伪垫刃属仍为优势属,而小杆科从常见科变为优势科,其平均相对丰度为NO-3-N处理高于NH+4-N处理。土壤线虫群落中各营养类群较稳定,但植物寄生线虫与非植物寄生线虫出现频率的变化趋势相反。NO-3-N和NH+4-N处理后,植物寄生线虫出现频率的变化趋势由高到低;非植物寄生线虫出现频率的变化趋势则都是由低到高。在度量土壤线虫群落多样性的指标中,多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(SR)较好地反映了不同形态氮肥的施用对大棚黄瓜土壤线虫多样性的影响。与NH+4-N处理相比,NO-3-N更有利于提高土壤线虫的多样性和稳定性。

    Abstract:

    Nematode community analyses are useful in assessing soil ecosystem status and function. The effects of two forms of mineral nitrogenous fertilizers (NO-3-N and NH+4-N) on nematode community composition and diversity in rhizosphere of cucumber were investigated during different growing seasons of cucumber in the greenhouses. The results showed that the total numbers of nematode were dramatically inhibited by fertilizers of NO-3-N and NH+4-N during the whole growing seasons, however there were no significant differences between the two treatments. Except that Tylenchus and Nothotylenchus were still dominated genus after the treatment with two forms of nitrogenous fertilizers, whereas Rhabditidae was changed from common family to dominant family and the mean relative abundance of Rhabditidae in the NO-3-N treatment was higher than that of Rhabditidae in the NH+4-N treatment. All the tropic groups in the soil nematode communities were stable. There was similar trend of the frequency of plant parasitic nematodes between NO-3-N treatment and NH+4-N treatment, the similar trend of the frequency of non-plant parasitic nematodes was also found. But the frequency of plant parasitic nematodes exhibited a contrary trend to that of plant parasitic nematodes after different nitrogenous fertilizer treatments. The changes in nematode diversity between the control plots and treated plots were compared by the biodiversity index (H′, J, SR, λ). Among these tested index, H′ and SR were effective in reflecting the effects of different nitrogenous fertilizers on the diversity of soil nematodes. In comparison with the NH+4-N treatment, the NO-3-N treatment promoted the stabilization of soil nematode diversity.

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公丕民,潘开文*,王进闯,王彦杰,韩春梅,马玉红. NH+4-N和NO-3-N肥对大棚黄瓜根际土线虫群落组成及其多样性影响.生态学报,2009,29(2):1009~1016

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