华南地区典型抽水型水库后生浮游动物群落的种类组成与结构
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(U0733007,30670345)


Specific composition and structure of meta-zooplankton community in a pumped storage reservoir, South China
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    摘要:

    大镜山水库位于广东省珠海市,是一座富营养抽水型中型水库,为了解富营养过程中抽水型水库后生浮游动物群落的种类组成与结构特征,于2006年3~12月在水库敞水区进行每月1次或2次调查。共检到轮虫32种、枝角类4种和桡足类9种。其中,臂尾轮属为轮虫优势属,角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)和剪形臂尾轮虫(B. forficula)为最主要的优势种。长额象鼻溞 (Bosmina longirostris)为枝角类的优势种,中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sisnensis)为桡足类第1优势种,温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermcyclopoides)为次优势种。中华窄腹剑水蚤个体较小(成体体长为0.3~0.5mm),对咸水有较强的适应能力,该种是通过河流调水引入大镜山水库。后生浮游动物的个体体重分布范围为0.01~81.92 μg,种类主要分布的个体体重区间为0.08~0.32 μg,在该区间的浮游动物主要为轮虫。浮游动物的丰度与生物量以桡足类占优势,丰度峰值出现在个体体重为0.08~0.16 μg的区间上,并以无节幼体为主;生物量的峰值出现在2.56~5.12 μg的等级上,峰值为46.43 μg/L,主要由桡足类构成。水库中后生浮游动物的丰度和生物量范围分别为21.9~876 ind./L和17.47~1089.73 μg/L,丰水期丰度较高,丰度和生物量的峰值分别出现在5月和9月份。与同地区的其它水体相比,大镜山水库浮游动物种类数低,与水体咸度高和鱼类养殖导致的高强度捕食压力有关。抽水入库量、降雨量是影响后生浮游动物丰度的主要因子,它们明显地削弱了温度的作用;在水温下降的枯水期,鱼类捕食压力下降导致了枝角类丰度的增加。

    Abstract:

    Dajingshan Reservoir is a middle sized pumped storage reservoir, located in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, South China. To understand the community structure of the meta-zooplankton in the special water body, pelagic zooplankton was investigated monthly or biweekly from March to December in 2006. The meta-zooplankton was composed of 32 species rotifers, 4 species cladocerans and 9 species copepods. Rotifers was dominated by Brachionus, such as Brachionus angularis and Brachionus forficula. Bosmina longirostris was the dominant species of cladocera. In copepoda, Limnoithona sisnensis was the most abundant species, followed by Mesocyclops thermcyclopoide. Limnoithona sisnensis is a small sized species, with adult body length from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. It can adapt to high salinity, and invade into the Dajingshan Reservoir with water pumped from Xijiang River. The body mass of the meta-zooplankton ranged from 0.01 μg to 81.92 μg, most species were located within the size range from 0.08 μg to 0.32 μg, and dominated by rotifers. Both abundance and biomass of meta-zooplankton were mainly contributed by copepods, the abundant peak was located within the range of body mass from 0.08 μg to 0.16 μg, while biomass peak (46.43 μg/L) was at the size class from 2.56 μg to 5.12 μg. The abundance and biomass of meta-zooplankton ranged from 21.9 to 876 ind./L and from 17.47 to 1089.73 μg/L, respectively. Both were higher in the flood season than in the dry season. Their peaks occurred in May and September, respectively. Comparing with the other water bodies in the same region, the species number of meta-zooplankton was much lower in the Dajingshan Reservoir. The lower species number was related with high salinity and fish predation pressure. Precipitation and pumped water were the most important factors influencing dynamics of meta-zooplankton, and they significantly modified the effect of temperature. In the dry season, the abundance of cladocerans increased largely with the decrease of fish predation.

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王晓辉,望甜,林秋奇,韩博平*.华南地区典型抽水型水库后生浮游动物群落的种类组成与结构.生态学报,2009,29(1):456~464

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