Constructions of large projects may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems and people’s daily life although the projects benefit to economic development. Establishment of a harmonious ecosystem by integrating project construction, regional environmental, social and economic development is not only significant for the project and regional sustainable development, but also a goal of the ecosystem management for the regions where the projects are implemented. As a large infrastructural project in the western China, the West-East Pipeline Project (WEPP) plays an important role in the local social and economic development as well as in optimization of national structure of resources. Although a great amount of efforts have been made to protect environment following the principle of "green engineering" during the execution of the project, the results achieved are limited and not as expected because the efforts were limited to a certain scale and did not account opinions, expectations and demands of various local residents. In this study, surveys and analyses were conducted to understand the opinions and perceptions of the local people towards WEPP and its impacts on environment as well as to understand knowledge level of local people on eco-environment. The results indicate: (1) the most interviewees along WEPP sites understand the significance of the project. However, the number of people viewing that WEPP will benefit to local development becomes obviously less. The resident locations, education backgrounds and occupations are primary factors influencing their opinions. Local farmers in the less developed regions have less recognition of significance of the WEPP. Therefore, there is a special need to concern the opinions and demands of this group of people. (2) The local farmers are a group of people who mostly concern the adverse impacts of WEPP construction on soils and vegetations. Therefore, if effective protection and restoration measures of soils and vegetation are adopted during the WEPP construction, and reasonable compensations are proposed to pay those who suffer impacts as well, it will greatly draw attentions and supports from the local farmers. (3) Importance of public participation in ecological restoration is not recognized by the most interviewees. Many consider that the ecological restoration is the responsibilities of local governmental authorities and construction units, reflecting the facts that public awareness and motivation of eco-environmental protection need to be improved in the region.