In recent decades, the conflict between reserves and local communities has attracted worldwide attention. Using Wolong National Nature Reserve (WNR) in Sichuan Province as an example, in terms of employment opportunity, intensity of wildlife destruction and compensation, restrictions on the resource utilization, tourism, community participation, breeding and grazing, forest products collection, hunting, agricultural activities, and traditional conservation, four stakeholders, including local farmers, government managers, local businessmen, and tourists in WNR, were interviewed through a questionnaire survey. The aim was to investigate the relationship patterns (including harmonious development, community-damaged, reserve-damaged, and conflict competition, based on different evaluation results), the current status and considerable problems in the management of Wolong. Results showed that there are significant differences among the stakeholders in terms of their relationship patterns to WNR (P＜0.05). However, all of the stakeholders interviewed generally considered that the master relationship pattern between WNR and local people was harmonious-development pattern. In addition, the main influences of WNR on indigenous people are increasing the reputation of Wolong, increasing household income by developing tourism, and placing limits on their using of natural resources. On the other hand, local residents often assisted the reserve in protecting and monitoring wildlife, and participated in joint defence. But the extensive grazing has damaged and interrupted natural habitats severely. Thus, policy, tourism, and activities of local community are the main factors influencing the relationship between WNR and local community. To accomplish harmony and sustainability in WNR, we suggested establishing a specialized department taking charge of community co-management, employing indigenous people to participate in ecotourism, and creating a compensation committee to handle crop destructions caused by wild animals to local family. Finally, the evaluation system could help reserve managers to realize the overall management effectiveness, and improve tangibly the management ability by analyzing the main factors.