This paper describes a case study of eco-risk appraisal in the Ongniud Banner, an agro-pastoral transitional area in Inner Mongolia. The appraisal was conducted based on landscape disturbance index and landscape fragility. Spatial distribution and gradient differentiation characteristics of the eco-risks in the study area were analyzed by means of spatial statistics like spatial autocorrelation and sub-analysis of variance. Conclusions from the study are as follows: (1) Eco-risk degree was positive correlation, and a decreasing trend exits with the increase of grain size of landscape patches. (2) Eco-environment quality dropt to a small extent while and the area with high eco-risk enlarged in the period from 1985 to 2000 in Ongniud Banner. (3) Eco-risk degree in the east-middle lump of sand and its peripheral regions were high. (4) The step length of the eco-risk index’s spatial differentiation is quite long (410.9 km).